Physics Exercises-based Physics Problem Features Study

How to cultivate students' problem solving capacity of physics?In order to answer this question, scholars have done studies and researches on physics problems from the perspectives of education, psychology, etc. Cognitive psychologists have studied the problem-solving characteristics of experts and jackaroos, and they hold the idea that experts are better than jackaroos in the amount of knowledge memory, the scope of conscious pattern, the speed of skill conduction, the consumed time of raising a question, the depth of problem representation, skills of self-monitoring, etc in some specific fields. The original causes leading to this difference are that experts have more perfect field knowledge and they are equipped with more experienced basic skills on problem-solving and good cognitive thought.The theoretical study achievements of problem solving have had influence on physics teaching activities to some extent, motivating teachers to ponder how to improve teaching strategies to enhance students' physics problem-solving capacity. However, considering current physics exercises teaching situation, we can find out that students'physics study doesn't mean they can solve problems with what they've learnt, or the physics problem solving capacity gets improved; some students are not equipped with the physics exercise solving capacity with knowledge learned, especially the capacity to organize knowledge and solve problems in creative methods. Aiming at this phenomenon, the author thinks it is necessary to study physics exercise itself, explore the features of elements composing physics exercises and cognitive process to develop and cultivate students' physics problem solving capacity with a creative teaching strategy. Almost all the effective problem solving programs are based on learners' holds on essential features of the task object, and in other words, a correct hold of physics problem features is the key of successfully solving problems.The study objects are some calculation exercises from physics college-entrance-exams all over the nation these years. Through study of physics calculation exercise questions, they are considered with element features of knowledge, context, indirect. According to study results of these question features, physics exercises have similar problem solving cognitive process as physics problems. Generally speaking, learners experience the following cognitive processes:entering question situation to make physics question, getting its features to construct ideal situation, observing its features then nail down the thinking path, organizing knowledge and experiences to come up a solving plan, monitoring solving process then conduct the solving plan, reflecting the process then fulfill the knowledge construction. Finally, raise up relevant physics teaching suggestions to cultivate students' physics problem-solving capacity with the feature study conclusions of physics subject problem and physics exercise questions...