My Thoughts To Several Problems Of The Villagers' Self-governance In Jilin Province

It has been shown in the development of modern world history that personal autonomy and group autonomy, theoretically based on the People's Sovereignty theory, is the basis of the constitutional system and democracy. The villager autonomy with the model of"general-election"in Jilin Province is a form of group autonomy and the inevitable result of separation of the state and society. It is an important goal in the democratic development of Jilin Province to construct and improve democracy villager autonomy system in the 21st century, and democratization should also become the theme of the rural grass-roots political development in a period of time in the future. Since the disintegration of people's commune, Villager autonomy (villager Committee) has gradually developed from a spontaneous act by farmers to a legal form of organization in rural communities. It was first written into the Constitution in 1982 and The"Law on the Organization of Village Committees (Trial),"was introduced in 1987, then The"Law on the Organization of Village Committees"officially promulgated and implemented in 1988. Villager autonomy has become a basic system for rural communities in China.After more than 100 years of social transformation, China has accumulated a certain amount of material resources, institutional resources and the quality of reserves and cultural preparation. The villager autonomy that spread in the vast rural areas at the end of the 20th century has provided an important starting point in logic and reality base for the development of democratic politics in China in the new century. Along with the deepening of democratic reform in rural areas, the systematical conflict between villager autonomy and the present political system is becoming increasingly prominent, and the problems that appeared in the developing process of villager autonomy are far exceeding expectations. There issues that appeared one way or another during further development of the villager autonomy. Mainly as follows: 1, The villager autonomy developed unbalanced; 2, There exists some deviation among people of the understanding to the autonomy system; 3, The implementing rules of these laws and regulations are not consummated sufficiently corresponding to the villager autonomy system; 4, There needs to raise the overall quality of the village committee urgently; 5, There also needs to straighten out each kind of the relations in the system, and so on. Under the influence of the basic state power , Villager autonomy demonstrated a more complex and volatile relationship than stated ideally in the law. Many conflicts and contradictions emerged among different levels of the governing bodies (exemplified by the imbalance between the two committees and tension in rural relationships), which formed the external structure of villager autonomy system.In the actual process of villager autonomy, therefore, a cross-registration of the external structure and the internal structure formed the practical structure of the villager autonomy.On one hand, The township party committee acquired the actual ruling position of the village committee though the leadership of village party branches as well as its leadership of the village committee; on the other hand the township party committee also acquired the actual management of the village committees through its leadership of the township government and the guiding relationship between the township government and village committee. It shows that the state power did not retreat from the rural community with the development of the villager autonomy, but continue to maintain the effective management of the rural community. Recognizing this reality is the basic prerequisite for improving performance villager autonomy.The three rural problems have become increasingly prominent in the late 1990s. Villager autonomy, as one of the most extensive form of the farmer's self-management, also cause questioned and denied among theoretical circles. People may ask: What benefits should we gain from implementing villager autonomy? How to promote the villager autonomy in rural areas of Jilin Province in order to maximize its effectiveness? To practice villager autonomy means the autonomous villager groups enjoys their own legal personality beyond the state power. They can enjoy, fulfill and commit their rights, obligations and responsibilities that generated by their autonomous activities. Although legally characterized as a "grass-roots mass self-organization", the villager autonomy in the rural areas of Jilin Province is essentially no different from the typical local self-government organizations. Classified as one form of the public administration, the villager autonomous activities are characterized by the state authority and the public interest. With its own legal personality, however, it is a type of administrative body beyond the state system. It is the natural consequence to establish the administrative status of the villager's autonomous groups in the trend of the diversification of the administrative bodies in modern administrative development.Based on analyzing the causes to the existing problems in the practice of the villager autonomy in Jilin Province, the author of this article is trying to propose his countermeasures to this theme as follows: First, strengthening the Party's leadership and grasp the direction of the villager autonomy development; second, further studying the theory to explore new ideas of the villager autonomy; third, to perfect the controlling mechanisms to Put it to the track of the legal system; fourth, to strengthen the democratic consciousness and Improve the overall quality of the villagers; fifth, to develop the rural economy to build the financial foundation of the villager autonomy; sixth, to implement the policies and regulations of the party and the state on the building of rural democracy; seventh, to summarize the regulating charters of the universal guiding significance; eighth, to strengthen the building of grassroots organizations system, theoretical system and village operating system.Only in this way can we protect the rights of the majority of farmers with respect to their demands in the practice of villager autonomy demands, promote rural villager autonomy smoothly in Jilin Province, maintain social stability and unity of rural areas and, finally, achieve a better goal to build a harmonious society.