An Analysis Of Policy Implementation Hindrance Under Bureaucracy

Policy implementation is an important content of public policy. The success and failure of policy implementation can decide whether the purpose and efficient of public policy can be approached. Policy implementation has occasionally been hindrance due to a lot of reasons during the practice. Commonly, policy implementation is the government's responsibility, and the government is composed according to the bureaucracy, so it is very significative to research policy implementation from bureaucracy. There is causality between policy implementation and bureaucracy. The defect of bureaucracy brings on policy implementation hindrance. There are differences between policy implementation under bureaucracy and the policy implementation of bureaucracy mode. The extension of the former is larger, and the later is just an aspect of policy implementation issue.There are five reasons that bring on policy implementation hindrance under bureaucracy. The first reason is conflict of interest. Though the bureaucrat should be rational and obey the laws and regulations, and should be responsible for the public interest, but if there is conflict of interest when they are execute policy, maybe they prefer to their own interest. Their pursuing private interest can be fulfilled because the consigner cannot supervise the deputy when the information is not symmetrical. Furthmore, the bureaucrats can form groups because of collective interest. The group maintenance their own interest in spite of the public policy's object, and the hindrance is produced. The second reason is the defect of bureaucracy spirit. The content of bureaucracy are rational and formalization. But putting the rational value to the utmost can harm the bureaucrat's enthusiasm, and the bureaucrat turn into conservative, laziness and unnatural, and the demand of the clients can not be fulfilled. So the policy implementation becomes apparent. The third reason is the bureaucracy is a low efficient organize. The bureaucracy organize execute the policy without a competitor. It holds the public service market. The circulation of the information is not expedited because of the bureaucracy rank. There is inflicting between the superior and the subordinate. They are the reason of low efficient. The fourth reason is the standard operating procedures and administrative discretion. To promote the efficient, the bureaucracy establishes the standard operating procedures. But when the crisis emerges or a new policy is adopted, the standard operating procedures may be hindrance. And the standard operating procedures are not help to the form of bureaucrat talent. The bureaucrat should be authorized administrative discretion, because there are not enough details in the laws or regulations. But the administrative discretion may be out of control because the supervising cost is high and the information is not symmetrical. Then the bureaucrats can use administrative discretion to pursue their own interest to bring on policy implementation hindrance. The fifth is that bureaucracy and bureaucratism have commensal relation. The people often hate bureaucratism and the bureaucracy is a neutral word. But the bureaucracy is easy to bring on bureaucratism though theory and practice. And the bureaucratism policy implementation is easy to be hindrance.There is New Public Administration Movement in the western countries during the late of twenty century. Through the theory of New Public Administration Movement, there are three ways to rescue the bureaucracy. The first is that enterpriser spirit reinforces the bureaucracy spirit. The enterpriser spirit means release the regulation to the bureaucrat. The implementation result is put to the more important status. The second is reform of implementation bureau. Reform of implementation bureau is based on the strict separation between the politics and the administration. The only task of implementation bureau is implementation, and its mechanism is similarly to the company so as to get high efficient. The third is to consummate the inspiritment, the...