The Administrative Implementation And Political Implementation Of Public Policy

As an important tool of modern state governance,public policy plays a very significant role in modern state governance.The transformation of state governance brings new challenge to public policy implementation,it is worth studying how to effectively implement the policy and change the thought and model of policy implementation.Administrative implementation and political implementation are two common distinct kinds of policy implementation model.This study takes Matland's Ambiguity-Conflict Model and Street-Level Bureaucracy as theoretical foudation,through fieldwork in A county of central China for nearly half a year,based on the analysis of implementing middle school class-break physical exercise policy and middle school arbitrary fees forbidding policy in A county,adopts the framework of the mechanism-behavior of policy implementation to explore contemporary China's administrative implementation and political implementation of the policy.The policy implementation is subject to state governance factors,the political bureaucracy constitutes the organizational foundation of the policy implementation,the mechanism of the regular pattern and the campaign-style pattern constitute the governance mechanism of the policy implementation,the pressure system is the characteristic of the intergovernmental relations.The conflict of policy problem and the policy ambiguity are the logical starting point of discussing two kinds of policy implementation models.The implementation mechanism is the key factor that influences the preference and behavior of the implementers,the behavior of implementer is the result of the interaction between the implementationmechanism and the individual internal factors.This study divides the implementer into three types: administrative bureaucrats,managerial bureaucrats,street-level bureaucrats,and discusses respectively the performances of the three types of bureaucrats under different mechanisms.The two models are different in the five aspects: the mechanism of the implementation,the basis of power,the operating principle,the operating characteristic and the key factors.The difference of the implementation mechanism is the main difference among the five aspects.On the basis of the analysis of two kinds of policy implementation model,this study constructs the conflict-pressure model of policy implementation,the model includes five kinds of elements: state governance factors affecting policy implementation,the characteristics of the policy,the pressure from the policy characteristics,two policy implementation models and the transformation between two models.Unlike other models,the model discusses the forming mechanism of the administrative implementation and political implementation.In the explanation of the policy implementation model distinguished by the policy characteristics,the pressure of government which brought about by the policy problem is a key explanatory variable.The low conflict of policy problem and low policy ambiguity lead to the administrative implementation,with the exertion of the regular mechanism,the policy is implemented.The high conflict of policy problem and low policy ambiguity lead to the political implementation,with the exertion of the mandatory mechanism,the policy is implemented.The administrative implementation and political implementation can be transformed into each other in certain conditions.The study of the administrative implementation and political implementation is constructed on the background of the Chinese bureaucracy,which is not only the exploration of the western theory based on the context of China,but also the research of practice for the policy implementation in contemporary China.The study finds that: the administrative implementation is closely related to the level of bureaucracy;although the political implementationhas a positive meaning,it has great limitation;both the administrative implementation and the political implementation are characterized by the factor of the rule of man in contemporary China;the public policy implementation,which is not a simple administrative problem,it is closely related to the national political system and the administrative system;the choice of the policy implementation model is based on the consideration from government of the relationship between the policy implementation and the legitimacy.At the end of the study,the author makes clear that the applicability of conflict-pressure model of policy implementation in the context of China,conducts a comparative analysis of two kinds of policy implementation model between China and western country.To optimize Chinese policy implementation model,we find the answer from three aspects: improving the technology of policy implementation,constructing the political approach of policy implementation,highlighting the ethical value of policy implementation.