The Study Of Society Department During The Republic Of China(1938-1949)

The society department of Nanjing Government was the highest administrative organ of society. It played an important role in the Chinese society from a traditional to a modern administrative changes,although it esists in 12 years.The Society Department had experienced several stages as central social department,social department of the Executive Yuan, central social department subordinates to party headquarters, ocial department of the Executive Yuan subordinated to the government.the Jurisdiction between party headquarters and the government was fuzzy, before the society department changed to the government.The government masteted the leadership and the supervisory authority for people society,until its successful,and party headquarters had only assistance role.Social department of the Executive Yuan had charge of people training, social movement, social relief, social welfare, cooperative career.Because its functions had relatively multiple,in this paper,it mainly reflect the role of Social department through the management of people society. National organizationed various people's organizations in order to fight against Japan during the Anti-Japanese War. These organization was divided into two majors, vocational group and social group.vocational group included peasant association, trade union, fishery association, liberal profession group, social group included sisterhood,students group,young group and so on.These two majors originated social movement under the leadership of the Executive Yuan. There were relatively well-known of national spirit mobilization, the new life movement,savingnation-making movement, recruiting winter clothing movement,devoeing gold movement,thanking military movement and so on.It achieved very good results. Social department of the Executive Yuan strengthened the management of people society,exclude making social movement.It established the model groups for peasant association and trade union,in order to support anti-japanese. As for the commerce and industry group,it pegged prices,limited enrollment and because of the relationship between their country's economic lifeline.The movement played a positive role in people's minds. Social groups was to launch a social movement, carried out of anti-japanese and national salvation. In order to better play the role of people's organizations, Social department of the Executive Yuan traininged the major people of society department.It trained from thought, civil rights, intelligent,life in four areas of people's organizations,in order to improve quality. In addition to,it dispatched secretary to vocational group, responsible for daily management.In fine, Social department guiding groups of people society made an indelible contribution to victory for the War of Resistance Against Japan.On the one hand,it mobilized people to participate in the Anti-Japanese War, on the other hand,it promote the development of social administration for the management of people society.So, its active role should be affirmed and upheld. However, it inevitably had a negative impact in the actual implementation process, for instance, attacking the development of national capital,caused expansion of bureaucratic capital and so on.