The Village Constructions Of Qingdao Dominated By Shen Honglie (1932-1936)

In the 1920s and 1930s,a campaign of village constructions started off vigorously in China.At first,it was initiated by many domestic academic communities and the intellectuals.They hoped to save the economy and culture of Chinese countryside and the destiny of the whole China by developing the village constructions.With the development of the village construction,in 1930s,the campaign was not carried out limited by the folk communities but also the government departments and the campaign had reached a climax.So at that moment,most areas of eastern and middle part of China had taken part in the campaign.Although the basis point of the village constructions was to improve the environment of countryside,raise the cultural level and develop the economy of countryside,etc,the village constructions of different areas had their own characteristics according to their respective situations.Under the influence of the campaign,Qingdao took part in it too.In the 1920s, Qingdao government issued some correlative decrees to call for village autonomy,but it accomplished little.Until Shen Honglie served as mayor of Qingdao in 1931,the village constructions began to develop really and had great success.The village constructions in the period of Shen Honglie which was considered as an important part of the development of the whole Qingdao in the future was connected closely with the city constructions.So the campaign was an activity for village transformation and construction which kept up with the times.The basis units to set up the village constructions works were the construction offices in villages and areas.Connecting with the Works Bureaus,the Education Bureaus,the Society Bureaus,the Pubic Security Bureaus,the Agriculture and Forestry offices,etc.all of them sent professional workers to every village to make sure that the work would go forward well.In the process of the village constructions, the government was responsible for the village basic establishment constructions and basic culture constructions by using the method of "management by government with assistance of management by villagers".The government allotted much public funds into the village constructions and the enthusiasm of villagers was mobilized gradually which made the villagers take part in the campaign forwardly.And the countryside developed rapidly.By the development of the village constructions in several years,Qingdao countryside had changed a lot.It made great improvement as well as the city.In 1937, Qingdao was called "model city".The village constructions of Qingdao in the period of Shen Honglie laid the foundations for the future development of Qingdao.So it should be researched.This paper tries to research the process of the village constructions of Qingdao dominated by Shen Honglie in the early 1930s,discuss its characteristics,success and the extensive influence to the later development of Qingdao.