Research On Social Turmoils And The Grassroots Society In Guangxi In Qing Dynasty (1796-1911)

Guangxi locates in south china, with complicated nationatilities and immigrants of other provinces in history, and the development of regional economy and education in Guangxi was in relatively backward. The Qing Empire began to decline rapidly from the reign of Jiaqing. The social turmoils in Guangxi also began to be frequently and spread quickly from some areas to everywhere. The turmoils continuing for more than 100 years had made great havoc of the social and had influenced the development of society in Guangxi deeply.Based on the commentary to studies in the past, this thesis regards the social turmoils in Guangxi in Qing Dynasty (1796-1911) as the breakthrough point and one whole, analyses the social turmoils and the responses of grassroots society and the complex interrelated relationships between the civil society and the state with multidisciplinary theories and methods such as social history, historical anthropological, sociology, anthropology, social psychology, etc. It helps to achieve a general understanding of social turmoils.In this paper, based on the analysis of the human and geographical environment of Guangxi at that time, the turmoils are divided into secret societies, Ting-fei, You-fei, and fights with weapons among people, which are the product of the long-accumulated contradictions had been fully exposed, having a close relationship. With the changes of people social mental, the mutability of rebels and the depredation of resources, the turmoils turned worse. The government and civil society dealed with the turmoils with many measures such as Tuanlian, Baojia, the contracted rules of villagers, and so on. The turmoils were stamped out practically, paying a heavy price. Turmoil is not only a kind of social phenomena, but also an important way of social integration. During the process of turmoils, the interpersonal relationships and the power relationships had got reintegrated. The turmoils that accelerated the militarization in civil society were boiled up by militarization.The social turmoils for more than 100 years had a disastrous effect on all aspects of the society in Guangxi and have left many problems worthy of re-considering.