The Displaced Child Care During The Anti-Japanese War Period

During the first Anti-Japanese War period, in order to salving and nourishing the continuously increasing displaced Child, public communities, national government and various people launch the child-care work actively. The government and public communities established many child asylums in China especially in Sichuan and Chongqing, where the displaced child and other children who need help can get salvation. These asylums got lots of achievement.In the past, academic field had researched the activities for child salvation organizations in wartime, functions of women's organization for displaced child salvation, the nourishment and education situation in the child asylums established by the Relieving Committee and etc. But till now, the synthesis research of the displaced child salvation in Sichuan and Chongqing during the anti-Japanese war period is very lacking .Centering about Sichuan and Chongqing, this dissertation researches the activities of social communities and government to present the general situation of the displaced child salvation during the Anti-Japanese War period.This dissertation has four main parts. Part 1 introduces the thoughts of child care before the anti-Japanese war, outlines the development of child-care thoughts and the practice of child-care in China, and points out the problems of traditional child care. Part 2 introduces the origin process of the displaced childcare. Part 3 is the focal point of the whole dissertation. Focus on the situation of Sichuan and Chongqing, it discusses the concrete circumstance of the displace child care during the Anti-Japanese War period, including the management of child care, the asylums established in Sichuan and Chongqing, and the nourishment and education situation in these child asylums. Part 4 evaluates displace child care during the Anti-Japanese War period and summarizes the characteristics, meanings and various problems of the displaced child care, trying to provide references for contemporary child's welfare of China.With the efforts from various aspects and guaranteed by the relevant regulations and rules formulated by government, the displaced child salvation during the Anti-Japanese War period is supported by many warm-hearted and experienced leaders and people, and supported by public. Owing to the idea of modern social salvation, child-care workers paid attention to the combination of nourishment and education, and gave the proper education according to individuals. Some child asylums supplied psychology education to guide child positively. Compare to situation that only nourished displaced child before, this makes a big improvement. The work made the children grow up healthily. Meanwhile, this child-care work evoked common care for child welfare. It enriched the idea of child welfare, and established the base of child welfare after the war.