Research On The Set-up And Operation System Of County Yamuns In Qing Dynasty

In this article, the author will study the setup and operation system of County Yamuns in Qing Dynasty and give a detailed analysis of some major systems, such as, the personnel settings, tax and judicial system. By inspecting the system of Neixiang County Yamuns , the author comes to realize the general pattern of administration and its role in stabilizing the governing of Qing Dynasty. The paper is to study it in the following four aspects:The first part is about the form of political organization on county level in Qing Dynasty. In this part the author introduces the primary administrative organization on the county level and the system of the six fang and three ban.The second part explores the detailed analysis of the personnel arrangement of Neixiang county. In this part a detailed analysis of county magistrate, shuli, yayi, changsui, muyou is given, that is,county magistrate's tenure of office, duty, income, and merit of performance during his tenure; shuli's organized system, function, recruit, remuneration, and his bribery; yayi's organized system, function, recruit, remuneration, and his bribery; changsui's function, status, recruit, remuneration, and his bribery and muyou's function, status, recruit and remuneration.The third part is the detailed analysis of Neixiang's internal and working system. This part mainly discusses the systems about taxes and judicature. The state revenue is collected from the common people through the County yamuns. The collecting of tax revenue is the County yamun's main government administration. Making decrees is one of the County yamun's most duties. County magistrate takes on the duty of judging all the civil and criminal cases.The fourth part expounds the relationship between County yamuns and the local gentries. This part mainly describes the gentries who have unauthamunsorized power, their reputation, privileges, channels of exerting their influences, their status in the local administration, and their unlawful acts. Gentries are the local elites who administer the local affairs with the local government; they have unauthorized power. The group of government officials and the group of gentries depend on each other, and exercise their powers in different ways. These two kinds of power interact with each other, forming a set-up in which they cooperate with and oppose each other.