Research On Various Issues Of County Administrative Operation From Qin To Early Han

At the beginning of the system of prefectures and counties,the county is the center of local administration from the Qin to the beginning of Han Dynasty.The paper based on the unearthed literature as the center analyzed the economic operation of the county during this period from agriculture and land,financial revenue and expenditure,household and population,management of ZuoTu(作徒)etc,and discussed setting and position of the GuanSefu(官啬夫 in the county by JunZi(君子)from Qin Bamboo Slips.the main body consists of five chaptersThe first chapter is the management of farmland and county agricultural officer from Qin Dynasty to the beginning of Han Dynasty.The agricultural officer in county government was di-vided into two systems were(田)and Guan(田官)from Qin to the beginning of Han Dynasty.In the system of granting Tian(田)in the Qin and Han Dynasties,Tian is responsible for granting land from the national management aiming at people,and TanGuan is a managers of county field.Tian belonged to county level office,TianBu(田部)is a branch of the county offices stationed from Qin Dynasty to the beginning of Han Dynasty.Tian is not TianBu,but Tian or TianSefu(田啬夫)in the Qin Bamboo Slips.County public land didn’t belong to DuGuan(都官)system in Liye(里耶)Qin Bamboo Slips,but the county agency.The public land in the county is the predecessor of Tian Guan in Liye Qin Bamboo Slips.Tian by the management of the grant of land from the state workers are households,TianGuan managed county public workers is Tuli(徒隶).The second chapter is the county finance management and related issues.ShaoNei(少内)is the county organization of money mechanism.JinBuCao(金布曹)is one of many county LieCao(列 曹)which is responsible for the county finance,statistics,audit and financial paperwork.In the money income,Zuowu(作务)Shaoru(稍入)money is a part of the emperor income.There were many forms of taxs in Qin Dynasty,and the tax for coins in Han Dynasty.ShaoNei(少内)was in charge of the county’s tax of collection,management and expenditure.QianLing(迁陵)County levied a cocoon tax,and tributed silk to the court as Royal tax.The debt money and ransom money were an important income of the county of Qin Dynasty,which were responsible for raising by ShaoNei(少内)and SiKong(司空).The expenditure of money was mainly responsible for the specific administrative work by Shaonei and supervision by JinBuLingShi(金布令史).In the supervision of money(校券)had certain significance in its modern use vouchers invoice,and JinBuCao supervised of money.The third chapter is civilian’s family of the county and town,the problem of household management.From ShiJieYuan case(识劫(?)),we have no sufficient evidence to prove that has levied property taxes from Qin to the beginning of Han Dynasty.The household who separated property in his lifetime or after the death applied themselves at first,and got the written approval of the village offickls to be legal.The generalized household registration in Qin and Han Dynasty divided into five different types Zhai YuanHuJi,NianXiJi,TianBiDiJi,TianHeJi,TianZuJi(民宅园户籍、年细籍、田比地籍、田合籍、田租籍),which respectively contain the household registration’s house garden property,family population,age and title,fields,land type,land rent tax rate,etc.The fourth chapter is criminal register and TuLi(徒隶)under the county management.criminal register divided into ZuoTuBu,TuZuoBu,TuBuZui(作徒簿、徒作簿、徒簿冣)from Bamboo Clips.SiKong(司空)and Cang(仓)took charge of ChengDanChong,GuiXinBaiCan,JuZiShuZhai and LiChenQie(城旦舂、鬼薪白粲、居赀赎债和隶臣妾).Cang and SiKong was responsible for assigning TuLi jobs,food management and criminal register etc.CangCao(仓曹)and SiKongCao(司空曹)were mainly responsible for the paperwork of TuLi and supervision of Cang and SiKong.The fifth chapter is(君子)and GuanSeFu(官啬夫)from Qin Bamboo Clips JunZi was the title of YouZhi(有秩)or GuanSeFu above officials,and had a relationship with title of nobility of Qin Dynasty.GuanSefu who is indispensable in the Qin Dyn-asty local bureaucracy and administrative operation was due to the charge of functional departments and administrative affairs,therefore respectfully called Ju-nZi,which reflecting the Qin official played an important role in national and v-illage order.