The Research On The Diplomacy Of Lu States During The Spring And Autumn Period

With contrast to the other counties, Lu is secondary in Chunqiu epoch. As a less powerful county, it is critical to reconcile itself to the other counties, especially to the mighty counties, in the complicated international situation. The thesis ,which is based on the scholars' findings concerned, is to study Lu's diplomatic relations through demonstating the theory with the literature be handed down from ancient times.In the perface, the difference between the ancient and modern definition of diplomatic is analysed and the definition of diplomatic in Chunqiu epoch is given. Then the emphasis is to summary the scholars' studies in order to get something valuable and find out the defects.The thesis covers four chapters as follows:In the first chapter, the political environment of Lu at home and abroad is showed. At home, the sovereignty is crippled so that it is controlled by Sanhuan as a whole. At abroad, some big counties come out one by one such as Qi, Jin, Chu, Wu. It is most important for the less powerful county to adjust the international relations with powerful counties, because it will be influenced by the changes of big counties' mighty.In the second chapter, the difference of diplomatic relations are narrated and analysed at different phases. The writer divides Lu's diplomatic into the following four phases: the beginning of Chunqiu epoch, the Xigong Age, the Wen,Xuan,Cheng,Xianggong Age and the end of Chunqiu epoch on the basis of Lu's mighty changes and referring to that of others counties' at the same time.At the beginning of Chunqiu epoch, Lu is powerful so that its diplomatic strategies is less affected by other counties. Lu is more independent and usually exerts offensive diplomatic cards in the large.At the Xigong Age, Lu succeeds in diplomatic activities. With the assistance of Jiyou and Zangwenzhong, Xigong takes flexible diplomatic principles and makes the diplomatic strategies on the international situation. Lu achieves in multinational relations as a result.At the Wen,Xuan,Cheng,Xianggong Age, Lu starts to loss its competitive advantages fast and spreadly. The relations between Qi and Lu is deteriorating at this time. Lu puts the emphsis of its diplomatic relations on Jin and Qi. Facing to the political and military pressure of Qi, Lu phases in effective steps, defeats Qi at An and Pinyin by courtesy of Jin.At the end of Chunqiu epoch, Lu is less competitive more and more. The Sanhuan is so powerful that they contols the sovereignty in the domestic and Lu has a bad international surroundings for confronting the political presure and economical blackmail of big counties. As a result, Lu loses diplomatic independence and sits in a worse situation.In the third chapter, the syle of Lu' diplomatic activities is displayed. Lu, as a secondary county all the time, uses flexible and effective diplomatic strategies including military war, alliance, political wedding and so on to gain the largest living room and stand in the complex international relations steadfastly.In the fourth chapter, Zhangwenzhong and Kongzi as the delegate to Lu's diplomatic activities are introduced. Their excellent diplomatic abilities are showed by studying their diplomatic guidelines and activities. Meanwhile, the writer sums up some general features of Lu's diplomatic activities from the angle of whole the diplomatic activities and coupling with the foregoing analyses.