The Expostulation System Of Spring And Autumn Period And Warring States Period

The expostulation system is an important component of supervision system in ancient China. The expostulation system of Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period,which is the basis and embryonic form of later dynasties ,had a great effect on the expostulation system of later dynasties. The research on the expostulation system of Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period is indispensable if somebody wants to discuss the question of the expostulation system of later dynasties.This article wil be fell into five parts: the definition and historical origin of the expostulation system, expostulaters, objects of expostulation,features of the expostulation system of Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period,the nature of the expostulation system of Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period and the effect on later generations.The first part will discuss the the definition and historical origin of the expostulation system. Expostulation is that in people's political life as well as daily life, everyone has differnet opinions about a certain thing because of the differences of positions,observation angles,levels of understanding and evaluation criterias, even happen"quarrel", one person use social norms,morals or legal regulations to persuade another one in order to form the same opinion,or one person only give some good advices to another one at the situation of the two persons don't have differnet opinions .The expostulaters and objects of expostulation can be various identities persons.Sbujects persuade even criticize the monarchy and the faults of government affairs in order to help the monarchy to correct errors and decisions; or sbujects only give some good advices on country's politics,economy,military,diplomacy,even the monarchy's daily life, this is the expostulation of political life.But the expostulation system is rosing to the level of the a country's political system,includes settings and selectings of expostulation officials,the award and punishment system to expostulaters,the decision system to content of expostulation and so on.The expostulation system is an important content of political system of China, It originated the democratic supervision system of primitive society. The second part will discuss the expostulaters.Expostulaters is the main bodys in expostulation activities. In Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period,many states set expostulation officials.Nt only expostulation officials but other officials and civilians can persuade the monarchy. The expostulaters expostulated the monarchy by the two ways of oral and written.Their tone characters is also different.And on order to express their speaking well, expostulaters usually use many rhetoric device.Traditional concepts of"loyalty and filial piety"had a great effect on expostulaters.Whether the monarchy accept or refuse with the degree of expostulaters'endeavor is not certainly proportional. Sbujects must master some expostulate principles that they can reach the effect they thought.The third part will discuss the objects of expostulation. The monarchy is object in expostulation activities. The monarchy gets remarks by the ways of issuing a decree,holding a meeting,sending persons.The views that the monarchy to expostulation are also different,mainly include:accept,encourage,refuse,don't expresses ideas.It will be beneficial not only to the monarchy himself but also to country's policy and building a good expostulation atmosphere if the monarchy accept the sbujects'good idea.And in the same time , the monarchy need to perfect the expostulation system,select and appoint capable people to be expostulation officials,award persons who give good ideas.The fourth part will discuss the characters of the expostulation system of Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. The characters of the expostulation system of different states,the same states at diffenent period , the same monarchy at different period are different in Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period.The fifth part will discuss the nature of the expostulation system of Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period and the effect on later generations. The nature of the expostulation system is a democracy that the ruling class carry out in the internal,in order to rule the ruled class well.In a word ,it is for the monarchy'right. The expostulation system of Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period had a great effect on later generations.In order to study the expostulation system of Qin-Han and even later generations,people must study he expostulation system of Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period which is the basis of it.The spirit that expostulators expostulate the the objects of expostulation is value to studying.The conteng is also meaningful to today that expostulators expostulate the the objects of expostulation.Studying the expostulation system is also insired to today's leading science.