| In human's survivals and lives, need has been in a decisive position. From people's natural attribute, if human wants to last his life, he will need supplement of various kinds of energy from the external world increasingly. It is the most original need of human being to replenish life energy; People's need is also a kind of active mentality mechanism such as desire, purpose, emotion and so on, which one can realize. It exceeds people's instinct becoming the inner driving force of guidance. Just as what Marx mentions, "in any case, the individual always sets off from himself'", "One can do anything if he doesn't meet his own need and his organ's need at the same time".As far as concerned, need is the activity motivation and primitive purpose basis of human beings. In other words, need is the "inherent regulation "born with people, which is originated from the inward wish and purport, expressing a state of vacancy and waiting of the main body. From originally real state, it has the maximal authenticity.After the Second World War, the west capitalist societies'productivity, science and technology have made large progress, leading the social structure and their social life happening gigantic changes. In this condition, "the new left-wing" movement in Europe and America named the west Marxism thinker, Herbert Marcuse, as "the prophet" and "the thought patron god", who takes the USA society as an example, aiming at criticizing the reality of the vivid society and the human beings in the society, forming his own society criticizing theory.In 1964, the book "One Dimensional Man" came out, indicating that Marcuse's thought has formed an independent system ultimately after Heidegger, Hegel, Marx and Floyd's links. As a philosophy theory, Marcuse's ideological system takes "main body principle "as its framework , belonging to the strict humanism; as an ethics theory, it is classified into humanitarianism because it lays stress on people's position , emphasize in people's dignity and respect people's value, which has demonstrated an important characteristic of his ideological system-paying close attention to people themselves . This is also a problem needing to pay attention, especially in modernizing course.As the phenomenon that people may be materialized into implement under certain situations can't disappear completely, and the human natures may be warped and repressed in certain degree, Marcuse exposes the shortness of the developed industrial society and criticize it from all around deeply in the base of human's autonomy, value and dignity. This kind of criticizes burgeons in each tier in the capitalism, touching every aspect of the social practice in the capitalist system, including the microcosmic field in people's daily life. It also initiates people questioning the life-style at the present. The value and the significance of life become the subject of thought exploration once again. His critique way in microscopic angle, which is on the base of individual standard has constituted the basic background of the west Marxism in the 20th century.This article attempts to launch the commentary from a microscopic domain of the developed industry society - person' need -to cut into the spot. Marcuse has been in the highly developed industrial society and experienced a new scientific and technological revolution on the base of electron technology, which has brought about the common economic prosperity. But he has not been blocked by the superficial prosperity of the developed capitalist society. Inherited the Marxian need dissimilation, Freudianism, existentialism and early west Marxism, Marcuse finds out that the developed capitalist society is a comprehensive fusion society taking root in the expense need, being not suppressing the need any longer. On the contrary, it relies upon the manufacture need to maintain its dominant existing forever. Marcuse calls this kind of need as the "false need". But in person's real need, namely the freedom in the true significance has actually lost. This situation naturally forms a more effective and the happy form– capitalism integration in order to control and condense the society.Through comparing the theory of the "false need" by Marcuse with the "need dissimilation" by Marx, this article begins from analyzing the characters of the developed industrial society, Marcuse try to find out a limited view of the significance and the practical significance of the theory of the "false need". |
