The Relocation Of Xinjiang Political Centre During The Qing Dynasty

In 1759, King qianlong's twenty—four, Qing government suppress zhungeer and Khwaiams armed rebellion, and reunited Xinjiang, established the joint management system of military and administration. The government built Huiyuan town as Xinjiang political centre . In the middle of nineteen century, it happened that peasants in Xinjiang called into action ,Khokand Yakub-beg and Russia invaded Xinjiang, which had almost damaged Qing's rule to Xinjiang. It was in 1848 that Qing government established Xinjiang provine and also named Urmuqi as the provincial capital of Xinjiang. The thesis just gives the comparasion study on the background of the policies and its essential content since Qing government has been reuniting of politics and economics and also the general rules of the reform of political system in far-away nationality area.In chapter One, it mainly talk about the forming background, essential content and its limitations on the policies after reuniting Xinjiang. It thinks that the current military government just fit the special social history situation and the current background. The policy shared the better profit relationship among the individual groaps, which made them relative balanceable and stable during almost one hundred years. However, with the rising of the government crisis, military and government exploved its defects. Which almost destroyed the social balanced conditon of Xinjiang local social benefits and gradually lost its effective domination.In chapter two, it mainly talks about that Urmuqi had been developing less important, sub-centre of political and economical centrethan yili town. It believes that the important and centre location of Urmuqi made it become the important town of military and government. After twenty year's management, Urmuqi had the great economic development and the quick political status promotion, which settled the basis on the relocation of Xinjiang political centre .In chapter Three, it essentially talks about the more serious frontier crisis in nineteen century. It forced Qing government to innovate its original ruling policies. While Xinjiang was established as a province, it also realized the centre relocation of Xinjiang politics. It also thinks that it brought a serious frontier crisis in nineteen century that Yakub-beg invaded Xinjiang and Russia occupied Yily town, which made the important centre, Yily town, become the frontier defenses. The invaders had been occuping Yily town for ten years and even made the old system vanished. In 1884, reestablished Xinjiang province and also relocated the governing centre from Yily town to Urmuqi in order to assure Qing government of Xinjiang long—termed steadiness and complete territory.The relocation of Xinjiang political centre and the shift of political system were closely combined together. It also showed the great significance that the innovation of the frontier local political system should be based on the total benefits of the Chinese nationality and unified country. It should also conform to the reality of the frontier. Only did the government do like that, they could assure themselves of the unified country and harmonized development in the frontier.