A Study On The Management Of The Turghut Ministry Of Xinjiang In The Qing Dynasty

The administration of Xinjiang(??)Toryods(????)in Qing Dynasty was imitated the example of the Qobtu's(???)D(?)rbeds(????).Through a series of management policies and control means that incorporated this tribe into the jurisdictional system of Mongolia in the Qing Dynasty.Chapter ?,carding the Qing Dynasty accepted and resettled of the Toryods.Pointing out that the Qing Dynasty passed through a variety of ways to obtain the message of this tribe's returned to the east,and adjusted its coping strategies in due course.After this tribe had returned,the Qing Dynasty taking preemptive action to negotiated with Russia immediately.In the end,Russia had to recognize the established facts.The Qing Dynasty also used a large amount of material,and human resources to support it,and to teach them to plant their land,so that they will has a long-term livelihood.Also used the nomadic area before they westward migration as the main resettlement,and adjusted the resident area gradually,kept them away from each other and separated them in the north and south of the Tianshan(??)Mountains.Chapter ?,explaining the various administrative management policies implemented by the Qing Dynasty.The Qing Dynasty offered the leaders a peerage,and gave them various political and economic benefits to win over them.During this period,Oba(?)i(???)and Cebeg dorji(??????)had fought for the qayan(?),and Mementu(???)also involved in it,all of them were suspected and guarded against by the Qing Dynasty.In order to supervise this tribe,the Qing Dynasty sent the care ministers(????)and soldiers to the tribe,and let the generals(??)and ministers(??)in charge of it.In 1771,the Qing Dynasty wanted to establish the League banner for it,but it was cancelled due to the dissatisfaction of the qa?an of Oba(?)i.Until 1775,the Qing Dynasty had realized to establish the the League banner for him.It's officially this tribe incorporated into the Qing Dynasty's external jasaq(???)system.When Xinjiang province was built in the last years of the Qing Dynasty,taking the negotiation affairs of the east road and the south road were handled by the Zhiliting's(???)Tongzhi(??).The Qing Dynasty formulated the constitution of the pilgrimages in 1771,and adjusted it several times.In 1787 and 1789,the Qing Dynasty has proposed the people who had been with and without the smallpox that were formulated for four classes,two people per class,and sent to Beijing to pilgrimage or to be recorded the Mulan's(??)hunt.After that,the number of pilgrim's classes and number of prisoners have been established ascertains.Furthermore,the Qing Dynasty limited this tribe to communication with the surrounding tribes initially,after then gradually relaxed the ban.Chapter ?,discussing the Qing Dynasty managed the religious affairs for the Toryods.To explore that in order to strengthen the management of the monks of this tribe,the Qing Dynasty separated the grand Lama from its people,and this tribe to invite the big Lama form beijing was overruled by Qianlong emperor many times.In order to win over princes of this tribe,allowing them to become a monk,and sent soldiers to assist them to establish the nomadic temples.As well as the Qing Dynasty lend salary and sent soldiers to escort them to Tibet Pilgrimage to Buddha.At the same time,the Qing Dynasty have stipulated of the number,round-trip route,time,and interval time of Pilgrimage to Buddha.As well it also provided permission for them to go to Qinghai(??),Küriye(??),Mount Wutai(???)and other places for Pilgrimage to Buddha activities,as well as allowing to visit worship of the grand Lamas' Buddha activities.Chapter ?,investigating the judicial management of the Toryods of the Qing Dynasty.It was pointed out that at the beginning of the east return of this tribe,Qianlong emperor allowed to temporarily handle the case with the old laws.According to the seriousness of the case to be use the old laws and the national laws of Qing Dynasty.In view of that the frequent occurrence of various types of cases in this tribe,the Qing Dynasty instructed the leaders to formulate relevant laws and regulations to restrain their subordinates.After the League banner was established by the Qing Dynasty,the Mongol Law(????)was became the highest standard for this tribe to handle the case.But it still to be allowed the old laws to exist.And the Qing Dynasty also formulated some laws that specifically apply to Xinjiang Mongolia.