Studying Of The Department Of Business--Department Of Agriculture, Industry And Commerce In The Late Qing Dynasty

The Department of Business--Department of Agriculture, Industry andCommerce was a government department in the late Qing Dynasty which managed agriculture, industry , business, railroad and mine. It was the result that Chinese saved the nation from extinction, economy developed and the thought of attaching importance to industry and commerce evoluted.As the central department which had bright latter-day color, the Department of business combined foreign organization with domestic circumstances. In central government, it included five departments which duties were clear. In local government, it set up officials that managed local industry and business. Under the leading of bosom that was composed of Zai Zhen, Tang Wen Zhi and Wang Qing Mu, it took on a new look.In 1906, The Department of business reorgazined the Department of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce. It was the result of constitutionalism preparing and rights contending. In central government, the Department of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce adjusted the duties of five departments and changed names. In local government, it set up new officials that managed local industry and commerce. Ultimatelly, it set up a complete system that developed industry and commerce. Comparing with the Department of Business, the status of the Department of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce declined, but it was a historical progress that included the name matching the reality, the building of organization completing and the system of industry and commerce completing.The Department of Business--the Department of Agriculture, Industry andCommerce managed many duties. In central government, it conflicted with correlative departments, so the harmonization between it and them became the key. Because the historical factors and realistic reasons, the relation between it and the Department of Foreign affairs was the closest. In local government, the relation between it and the local head officials put up leading, cooperation and conflict. The kind of relation reflected relation between centrality and locality, centralization of state power and decentralization and Manchu and the Han nationality which was in the field ofindustry and commerce concretely. The conflict accelerated governmental consumption and brought about the central policy instability that affected the speed and effect of industry and commerce developing.In the course of Chinese modernization, the late Qing Dynasty New Policy was the important one-step. In order to develop industry and business, the Department ofBusiness--the Department of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce carried outsome measures including to research market conditions, to wise chamber of commerce, to draw up economic rules of laws, to pay attention to education of industry and business, to encourage to take part in international merchant racing and to offer capital, and so on. It gave its attention to agriculture and carried out some measures, advocating the persons to set up agriculture schools, organizations, providing ground and companies and plant cash crop, furthermore, it attached importance to railroad and mine. It drew up rules, strengthen locality management, lessen and rid taxes, allure foreign capital and attract persons with ability. These measures impulsed the development of native capitalism, sticked up to the infall of foreign economy effectively and promoted Chinese modernization course.The instauration of the Department of Business--the Department ofAgriculture, Industry and Commerce became the symbol that the late Qing Dynasty established the system of paying attention to industry and commerce. It strengthened country function and provided institutional and administrative legal flat roof for industry and commerce. It denoted that the function of the government took place a huge change. The actions of it had other significances, the building of capitalist economy, the change of looking down on industry and commerce and social structure, etc. Of course, it had limitations that it couldn't solve...