Discussion On The New Deal Reform Of Industry And Commerce In Late Qing Dynasty

In the early 20th century, the invasion of the united army of eight countries brought the great crisis for the Chinese people and the great pressure for the Qing Dynasty. To save itself, the Qing government advanced the New Policy, making modern reform from the government. The reform of the industry and the business was the part of the economic reform. To develope the modern industry and business became the important policy of the Qing government. The article tries to expound the exact content and the effect of the industry and business reform all over China in order to understand the reform comprehensively. The first part is about the origin of the industry and business reform. The origin of the industry and business reform of the New Policy in the late Qing Dynastry, one was the attempt to develope the modern industry and business, and the other was the maturity of the thought to develope the industry and business. With the stimulation of the national crisis, the Qing government had attempted to develope the industry and business in the period of the movement of learning from the west and after the Jia wu war to the invasion of the united army of eight countries, the thought to 3 develope the modern industry and business became mature, advocating to develope the industry and business enterprises, to set up the administration departments to develope the industry and business, to carry out industry and business encouragement and protecting policy, and to develope the modern machine industry, etc.. The thought to develope the modern industry and business and the practice of the reform of the Qing government laid the economic and theoratic foundation for the industry and business reform of the New Policy in the late Qing Dynasty. The second part is about the policy and measure of the industry and business reform. When it advocated the industry and business reform, the Qing government set up the administration departments of the industry and business reform, the business department (agricultry, industry and business department) in the central government, the business office or agricultry, indurtry, and business office, etc. in the local. govermment. At the same time the government promulgated and carried out all kinds of economic law and rules to ensure the success of the reform. With the administeration and ensurance, the Qing government carried out all kinds of measure to develope the industry and business including to protect and encourage the business enterprises, 4 the encouraging policy, to carry out the policy of the patent, tax ?free, and tax abatement, to open the port and build the shops widely, to make industry and business exhibition and to carry out the industry and business education and encourage the overseas Chinese to set up the industry and business, etc. In addition, there were some auxiliary measures like industry and business investigation, the reform of money etc. The third part is about the effect of the industry and business reform. With the policy to develope the industry and business, the modern industry and business economy had developed unprecedentedly in ten years of the late Qing Dynasty. After the Jia wu War the second climax of setting up factories rose,...