A Study On Papering-making Of The Provincial And The Metropolitan Examination In Ming Dynasty

Papermaking is the most complicated segment in the imperial examination. Three part of examination papers is done by examinees. Content in the provincial examination is same as the metropolitan examination, so is its standard of enrolling. In order to guarantee equitable in the course of papermaking and enrolling. Examiners' knowledge and qualifications is improved continuously by the board of Rites and the Ming government after Imperial examination system is held. Drillmaster hold the post of examiners in the provincial examination. Old officials with posts in the capital at last replace drillmaster after discussing for many times. Examiners in metropolitan examination is member of the Imperial Academy. Chancellors hold the post of chief examiner official after cabinet system is formed. With the increasing of examiners, the numbers of vice-examiner official is need in provincial examination although it is decided early in the Ming dynasty that papers of the provincial civil service examination and general examination should be marked separately. In the actual course of reading and appraising examiners writing, owing to many reasons, it was hardly put into practice to take overall considerations and mark all the papers together, the content of the papers display complexity and enormousness in amount, scholars could not give overall considerations, limitless in time and in the number of examiners and together with the complex criteria. All these factors contributed to the impracticability.Documents on Imperial examination is collected and stored up by very few units, which make research of Imperial examination insufficient, particularly research on papermaking.The others achievement on Imperial examination is foundation of this text, in which 76 reel The list of successful candidates published by Taiwan book company is combined with the others documents, including official and personal, and many collected works and literary sketches was utilized. How to select examiners, criterion of papermaking, ways of enrolling and so on is probe. Systematic way and statistics was use to analyze a lot of factors, which influence papermaking.