Officer-selecting System Of Han Dynasty And Shice Writing

Choosing the points of view of officer-selecting system in Han Dynasty and Shice writing, starting with two major officer-selecting systems of Chaju and Zhengpi of Han Dynasty, this article discusses the time and places of the Shice examination, the course of its emergence and its classification, and on the basis of which analyzes the reason why the articles of Shice in Han Dynasty be seemed as a model.I The most important officer-selecting system during the period of Han Dynasty -Chaju and ZhengpiChaju was an officer-selecting program that an officer of a certain position or a person of qualification recommended a candidate to a higher organization so as to make him get the position in the organization. In 196 B.C., the Gao Emperor openly ordered to put the recommendation method into practice for the first time. Since the Han Wen Emperor, this method had been turned into a political system gradually. Chaju included many kinds of subjects.Zhengpi included Zhengzhao and Pichu.Zhengzhao meant that the emperor selected some people who were reputable or excellent in both character and scholarship by specially convening in order to make preparations for consultation or to assign them government affairs. There was another way parallel with it that someone was recommended by officers and then impressed by the emperor. It was a supplement to Chaju actually. What is called Pichu meant a system that local authorities appointed subordinates.Although Chaju was rigorous, there were still many embezzlement phenomena. So the court selected talents by examinations besides the Chaju system at one time, the main form of which was Shice.Selecting talents by the Shice examination began from the Han Wen Emperor.During the period of the east and west Han Dynasties, the governors would always order to choose talents when calamities or unusual phenomena happened or the governor and system changed. As the Chaju became a fixed system gradually the Shice did, too. Every subject has its own Shice in Han Dynasty. And the time was generally between the Chaju and appointment. The places were mostly arranged in the White Tiger Palace, Shiqu Pavilion or Xuanshi Room.Shice can be fractionized to Duice and Shece. Many people were appointed officer because of his excellent essay of Duice.II Officer-selecting system of Han Dynasty and Shice writingShice writing was a very practical literary style used specially in examination, which included Cewen and Duice.As a kind of highly practical examinatorial literary style, Shice writing, Cewen especially, was always excluded from the discussion range of literary. Actually Cewen and Duice were not short of literary nature, but had their own characteristic behaviors.In a long historic time after Han Dynasty, the Shice examination had been a major way to select persons with ability. As long as Shice examination existed, the articles of Duice would come forward constantly. However, no Ce was more excellent than those in Han Dynasty, which has close relations with the officer-selecting system in Han Dynasty. The articles of Duice in Han Dynasty had a feature in common which was giving out the admonishments bravely and directly (also called Jiyanzhijian). There are two reasons for it: first of all, the Emperors in Han Dynasty all had sincere attitude to select persons with ability and to adopt admonishments, which created an objective circumstances for those examinees who really Jiyanzhijian. Secondly, compared with the Chaju system, the imperial examinations appeared later had more utility features that made the essays develop more its examining function but less literature.