A Study Of Chahetai Language Documents In The South Of Tianshan Mountain In Qing Dynasty

The main settlement in the south of Tainshan Mountain is Muslim Uighur people In Qing Dynasty, after putting down the rebellion of Burhan al-Din and Khwaja Jinan (大小和卓) In 1759, the emperor of Qing governed the south of Tianshan Mountain. At the same time, the Qing government carried out a series of action for establishing laws to maintain and solid their government. The basic rule for people in this region to follow is consisted of two parts: the laws of Qing Dynasty and the principles and rules of Islam including religion, laws and ethic rules, Which were followed by Uighur people. Two laws seek common points while reserving differences, ultimately lead to form law style of the south of Tainting Mountain. This article attempts to study Uighur legal institution in Qing dynasty based on some Chahetai contract documents as the first-hand history and Language documentary.In the article it includes the following main parts:Introduction :The introduction is being paid much-attention because this article involves in many subjects such as linguistics, history, the science of law and ethnology . First, it deals with the development of Chahetai language in Qing Dynasty and the latest study situation of Chahetai language in internal and in external . In this part, This article expounds the reason for the rapid development of Chahetai language, introduces lots of work written in Chahetai language and author considers that there are two imperfects for the study of chahatai language documentary. Thestudies that have been made by all the scholars in domestic or in abroad are not enough or they just translate Chahetai language or study the words of language from the angel of linguistics. It is very rare that there are any study for the politics, economy, law culture and family life at that time through the documentary in Chahetai language. Second, this article outlines the general situation of law and the present study situation . In this part, the author does a textual research to the rules based on Islamic law including religion, status and ethic principles, which are followed by those people who lived in the south region of Tianshan Mountain before Qing Dynasty, introduces the implemented administerial law and the judicial domination of the Qing dynasty in the smith area of Tianshan mountain after Xinjiang is unified, and gives some new views to which law is practiced in the south area of Tianshan mountain during the administration of the Qing government . At last, the author reveals the significance and means of study on this article.Chapter I : The contract .documents of Chahetai language in the south region of Tunashan Mountain in Qing DynastyIn this chapter, it deals with the category, transliteration and translation of the 12 contract documents of Chahetai language used as historic material language. It is an old tradition for Uighur people who lived in south Xingjian to deal with these disputes among common people and to adjust social relationship through signing contracts. After Xinjiang belonged to Qing, thecontent of the civil relationship and the statue relationship reflected by these contracts were more plentiful because contrasts were used in social life much more than ever with the rapid development of commodity economy. So the 12 contract documents are divided into 4 kinds according to the civil and status relation reflected by them: trading contracts, contribution to religion contracts, dispute contracts, inheritable contracts.The author of the article has transliterated and translated the 12 contract documents into Chinese based on the Latin letters which are used in the Uighur language.Chapter II : The study on the form and seal of the contract document in Chahetai language in the south region of Tianshan Mountain.There is a kind of program for the form of Chahetai contract document, which is accepted by common practice, though it is not standardized. This program is consisted of the following parts: The date, the name, basic for signing contract, the reason, price right of t...