| Objective The object of this study was to observe the interventional effect of vitamin A supplementation on re-vaccination to Hepatitis B virus (HBV) among rural infants and young children in China. Methods All 7-36 months old children, whose parents have not been infected by HBV, and who had been vaccinated with HBV vaccines routinely abided by the National Technical and Administrative Procedures for HBV Vaccination on Children in China, were convened among 10 villages in Linyi, Shandong Province, in October 2008. After detection of serum anti-HBV, one hundred children, with lower serum anti-HBV, were picked out for the randomized, double blind, placebo controlled vitamin A supplementation study. The children in the intervened group took the VA supplementations every 15 days (the supplementation period was 3 months, with total 6 times and 25000IU VA of dose per time). The children in the control group were given corn-oil with same volume as that of VA dose. All children were re-vaccinated with 5μg recombinant yeast-derived HBV vaccine by intramuscular injection in triangular muscles at the 30th and the 60th day of the experiment. The serum samples were collected from each child at the 90th day of the experiment. Retinol concentrations in serum samples were analyzed with HPLC method. The levels of serum anti-HBs were detected by the electro-chemi-luminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). Results Total 74 children finished the supplemental experiment and blood sampling,37 in each group, respectively, with 26 children dropping out because of feeding compliance and blood collecting. Before the intervention, the children in two groups had similar serum VA level and similar VA deficiency prevalence. After intervention of VA supplementation with 6 doses of 25000IU in 75 days, the children in the intervened group had significantly increased serum VA level (404.1±123.1μg/L) compared with baseline (290.4±144.1μg/L) and the level of the control group (240.8±92.8μg/L). The VA supplemented children presented higher serum anti-HBs level (2737.2±2492.6 mIU/mL) than the controls (1199.7±2141.6 mIU/mL) in the time of 30 days after the last HB re-vaccination (P<0.05).Conclusion The results show that VA supplementation may enhance the re-vaccination reaction against HB vaccine in infants and young children. It suggests that the VA status may be one of influencing factors for efficiency of Hepatitis B vaccination in children. Objective Our objective was to survey the current situation of child rearing practices in several cities in China, so as to provide some propositions for farther public instructions.Methods There were 1773 questionnaires appropriatly used when parents made their 5-14 months old infants vaccinated in any Healthcare Clinic in Beijing, Tianjin and Qingdao, and the growth indexes of these children were measured as well. Results There were equal girls to boys. These children were 9.1±2.3 months old, among which the children form Qingdao province were elder. There were 1246 (70.3%, which were maked up to by 431,385,430 in Beijing, Tianjin, Qingdao respectively) children grew well。The first food consumed by the children were infant formula, water, breast milk, sugar solution and milk, which were ranged in consuming rate descending order. The average time of breast-feeding were 7.1months. There were1588 (89.6%, which were maked up to by574,461,553 children in Beijing, Tianjin, Qingdao respectively) infants still drink breast milk, when they were first 6 months old. There were 597 (33.6%, which were maked up to by115,253,553 children in Beijing, Tianjin, Qingdao respectively) infants fed only by breast milk, except water, during their first 6 months. The first supplementory food consumed by the children were jolk, cereal, fruit (or vegetable) juice, which were ranged in consuming rate descending order. The first nutrition supplymental consumed by the children were vitamin A, vitamin D, calcium, probiotics, DHA, zinc, iron, lactobin, albumen powder and so on, which were ranged in consuming rate descending order.Conclusion These children dodn't grow very well. Matters still exist in child rearing practices in the three cities. Community related educations are still needed.
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