| In the recent several years, studies on origin and development of the syndrome have been paid more and more attention. Ju Fang embodies the treatment thoughts that combining differentiation of disease and differentiation of syndromes and signs, it represents an important link in the syndromes'doctrine development. By using traditional literature, theoretical research methods, together with calculating, from angle of syndromes'names and symptoms and expressions, the subject systematically researches comparative characteristics of syndromes related to spleen and kidney between Ju Fang and modern times. Meanwhile, generated reasons and meaning towards modern syndromes'doctrine are discussed. By one point of view, it reflects Ju Fcmg's significance as one historic stage in the development of the TCM syndromes'doctrine.1 Comparative characteristics of syndromes related to spleen and kidney between Ju Fang and modern times.1.1 From angle of syndromes'names, syndromes related to spleen and kidney have obvious differences between Ju Fang and modern times.(1) In Ju Fang, the ratio of kinds of syndromes between "spleen and stomach", "Qi of spleen and stomach" and "spleen", "spleen qi" (eleven/sixteen) is obviously greater than that of modern times(ten/twenty-four).In Ju Fang, the ratio of appearing frequencies of syndromes between "spleen and stomach", "Qi of spleen and stomach" and "spleen", "spleen qi" (ninety-nine/thirty-nine) is obviously greater than that of modern times.(2) In Ju Fang, among syndromes of "spleen" and "spleen qi", the proportion of excess syndromes is greater.(3) In Ju Fang, among syndromes of "spleen and stomach", "Qi of spleen and stomach" the appearing frequencies of syndromes of" Incoordination between spleen (qi) and stomach (qi)" are more.(4) In Ju Fang, among excess syndromes of "spleen", "spleen and stomach", the proportion of syndromes about damp(including phlegm, water) is smaller, especially no damp-heat syndromes.(5) In modern times, deficient syndromes often can be divided into qi, blood, yin. yang, essence, but in Ju Fang, deficient syndromes of "spleen and stomach" often point to "spleen and stomach".(6) In Ju Fang, among syndromes of "kidney" and "kidney qi", the proportion of kinds(eight/three)and ratios(sixteen/sixteen) of excess syndromes/deficient syndromes is both obviously greater than that of modern times.(7) In Ju Fang, among excess syndromes about "kidney" and "kidney with other Zang-organs" (the frequencies are twenty-one), syndromes about "wind", "wind poison" or/and "attacking", "pouring" (the frequencies are twenty) are very highlight.(8) In Ju Fang, deficient syndromes about "kidney" are all deficiency of kidney qi(including weakness, asthenia, loss, weak-fatigue, exhaust, lack, deficiency, injury, immaturity, insecurity)(the frequencies are sixteen), no deficient syndromes of kidney yin, yang, essence.(9) In modern times, deficient syndromes often can be divided into qi, blood, yin. yang, essence, but in Ju Fang, deficient syndromes about "kidney with other Zang-organs" often point to "kidney (kidney yuan)", "liver and kidney", "spleen and kidney", "heart and kidney"(10) In Ju Fang, syndromes about heart and kidney don't have deficient syndromes about yin, yang.2.1 From angle of syndromes'names, syndromes (deficient syndromes) in Ju Fang don't yet have sufficient differentiation.(1)In Ju Fang, among syndromes of "spleen and stomach", "Qi of spleen and stomach", the appearing frequencies of syndromes of "Incoordination between spleen(qi) and stomach(qi) "are more.The meaning of' incoordination" is relaively indistinct.(2) In modern times, deficient syndromes often can be divided into qi, blood, yin, yang, essence, but in Ju Fang, deficient syndromes of "spleen and stomach" often point to" spleen and stomach". (3) In Ju Fang, deficient syndromes about "kidney" are all deficiency of kidney qi(including weakness, asthenia, loss, weak-fatigue, exhaust, lack, deficiency, injury, immaturity, insecurity)(the frequencies are sixteen), no deficient syndromes of kidney yin, yang, essence.(4) In modern times, deficient syndromes often can be divided into qi, blood, yin, yang, essence, but in Ju Fang, deficient syndromes about "kidney with other Zang-organs" often point to "kidney (kidney yuan)", "liver and kidney", "spleen and kidney", "heart and kidney".(5) In Ju Fang, syndromes about heart and kidney don't have deficient syndromes about yin, yang.3.1 From angle of symptoms and expressions, syndromes related to spleen have obvious differences between Ju Fang and modern times.3.1.1 Comparing with symptoms and expressions of "Incoordination between spleen and stomach" syndromes in modern times:(1) In Ju Fang, syndromes of "Incoordination between spleen and stomach" have the whole body symptoms.(2) In Ju Fang, syndromes of "Incoordination between spleen and stomach" have obvious symptoms of "vomiting and diarrhea".(3) In Ju Fang, syndromes of "Incoordination between spleen and stomach" have more local symptoms of "chest and diaphragm, sypochondrium and rib, respiratory tract",(4) In Ju Fang, syndromes of "Incoordination between spleen and stomach" have more obvious local symptoms of "pain"(5) In Ju Fang, syndromes of "Incoordination between spleen and stomach" have more obvious "deficient" symptoms.3.1.2 Comparing with symptoms and expressions of "deficient syndromes of spleen and stomach qi" in modern times:(1) In Ju Fang, among deficient syndromes of "spleen and stomach", the frequencies of the whole body's qi deficient symptoms are obviously few.(2) In Ju Fang, deficient syndromes of "spleen and stomach" don't have expressions of "tongue and pulse" (3) In Ju Fang, deficient syndromes of "spleen and stomach" have obvious symptoms of "vomiting and diarrhea".(4) In Ju Fang, deficient syndromes of "spleen and stomach" have more symptoms of "chest and diaphragm, sypochondrium and rib, respiratory tract".3.1.3 Comparing with symptoms and expressions of "Incoordination between spleen and stomach syndromes", "deficient syndromes of spleen and stomach qi" in modern times:In Ju Fang, "Incoordination between spleen and stomach" syndromes, "deficient syndromes of spleen and stomach qi" have more acute symptoms ("vomiting", "diarrhea", "pain").4.1 In Ju Fang, subjective cognitions (syndromes'names) and objective cognitions (symptoms and expressions) of syndromes related to spleen have separated phenomena.In Ju Fang, names between syndromes of "Incoordination between spleen and stomach" and deficient syndromes of "spleen and stomach" have obvious differences, but the differences of symptoms and expressions aren't very obvious.5.1 From angle of syndromes'names, summarized characteristics of syndromes related to spleen and kidney in Ju Fang reflect the subjective cognitions'characteristics of diseases" pathological mechanisms. From angle of symptoms and expressions, summarized characteristics of syndromes related to spleen in Ju Fang reflect the objective cognitions' characteristics of diseases'pathological mechanisms.2 In Ju Fang, above characteristics of syndromes related to spleen and kidney should root from initializations of developments of syndromes'doctrine in Song dynasty.Because of initializations of developments of syndromes'doctrine in Song dynasty:(1) From angle of syndromes'names, syndromes related to spleen and kidney have obvious differences between Ju Fang and modern times.(2) From angle of syndromes'names, syndromes (deficient syndromes) in Ju Fang don't yet have sufficient differentiation.(3) From angle of symptoms and expressions, syndromes related to spleen have obvious differences between Ju Fang and modern times.(4) In Ju Fang, subjective cognitions (syndromes'names) and objective cognitions (symptoms and expressions) of syndromes related to spleen have separated phenomena.Separations between subjective cognitions and objective cognitions show that cognitions to syndromes are not mature.3 The meaning of characteristics of syndromes related to spleen and kidney in Ju Fang toward syndromes'doctrine in modern times.Above characteristics and generated reasons of syndromes related to spleen and kidney show that when we research TCM syndromes'doctrine in modern times:(1) We should have developing viewpoints and cannot equate materials thousands years ago.(2) We should have full-scale viewpoints, and we cannot easily comprehend ancient syndromes according to literal meaning. We should exactly comprehend its connotations according to the position in the whole syndrome1 system in that time and representative clinical information(pathogenic factors, symptoms and expressions, therapeutic formulas etc.)4 We should also consider that Ju Fang is Medical prescription canon-, Into pharmacopoeia and it has the characteristic of "from broad to brief from angle of medical formulary.5 We don't see this characteristic that more spiced, dry-hot drugs were used in Ju Fang reflects on syndromes'doctrine in Ju Fang.6 Innovations of the researchJu Fang represents an important link in the syndromes'doctrine development. The systematic research of syndromes'characteristic in Ju Fang helps remedy research deficiencies in syndromes'doctrine of this book, perfect the cognitions of TCM syndromes' doctrine developing history, and provides references for modern syndromes'doctrine.
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