| Objective: Schizophyllum commune belongs to Eumycophyta, Basidio- mycetes, Agaricales,Schizophyllaceae, Schizophyllum. It widely distributes in whole world. Schizophyllum commune is saprophytic,which is a common invader of rotten wood, usually it was reported to be involved in cases of allergic reaction after inhaling its sporus,In 1950,Kligman provided the first report of the isolation of a basidiomycetous fungus schizophyllum commune in human onycomycosis,schizophyllum commune as a etiologic agent was reported in almost 50 cases of human and animal infection over the last 60 years,There is no relevant report of human infection caused by schizophyllum commune in mainland China .We isolated the strain from a patient's sputum. It was identified as Schizophyllum commune by the Institute of Microbiology ,Chinese Academy of Sciences(NO-S003).In our research, the morphology characteristics of Schizophyllum commune on SDA culture media were observed, which can help clinical doctors to establish diagnosis on the infection of Schizophyllum commune.Furthermore, Established mice model suffered from systemic infection of Schizophyllum commune, Fluconazol,Itraconazole and Terbinafine which are common antifungal agents were emploied to against the systemic infection of Schizophyllum commune in immune suppression mouse model. investigated the efficacy of Fluconazole,Itraconazole,Terbinafine for the treatment of systemic infection of Schizophyllum commune in mice model to provide the guidance on the treatment of systemic infection of. Schizophyllum commune.Methods:1 Morphology observation on media1.1 General colony observation on the media of Sabouraud′s Agar﹙SDA﹚ Put the strain under the ordinary temperature about three days for recoverying and inoculate it on the media of Sabouraud′s Agar﹙SDA﹚, at 37℃and 27℃respectively for two weeks, then observe its development everyday.1.2 Slide culture Inoculate the strain on the microculture of SDA at 27℃and 37℃for two weeks and observe the growth of hypha everyday.1.3 Observation under light microscope Put some samples taken from the colony on the glass slide, cover them with slip when dissolved in the solution of 10% KOH, then observe it under light microscope.2 Sensitivity to antifungal agents test in-vivo2.1 Establishment of animal model suffered from systemic infection of Schizophyllum commune.The preserved fungi were restored virulence, then inoculated on the Sabouraud's Agar, at 37℃for one week,after that, fungl suspension solution was prepared with sterile saline . Then inoculate the immune suppression kunming mice with the fungl suspension through intraperitoneal pathway.2.2 Medication Fluconazol,Itraconazole and Terbinafine are administrate to the immune suppression kunming mice with the dose of 52mg/Kg, 26mg/Kg,32.5mg/Kg respectively one day at a time for 5 days , intraperitone- al injection begin at the day after inoculation.2.3 Survival observation observe the natural death of each group mice in the three weeks after inoculation the fungl suspension solution,record the death rate and the death number.2.4 Fungal retro-culture Levigate the internal organs with tissue grinder ,then take a few sample from them and inoculate the specimen on the media of SDA plate and culture them under 37℃.2.5 Determination of fungus burden of liver Homogenate the liver of mice that inoculated fungl suspension under sterile conditions, then inoculate the samples on the media of Sabouraud′s Agar﹙SDA﹚and incubate the plate at 37℃for 72 hours ,record the number of clonal formation Results:1 General colonies observation on the media of SDA growth on SDA was rapid,cottony to woolly, white and raised in the center after 0ne week 37℃, Older cultures produced yellowish droplets of exudation on the surface and had a pronounced odor,the colony reverse became light brownon aging .2 Morphology under light microscope slide culture showed hyaline ,sertate, branched hyphae of 1.5 to 5μm in diameter with clamp connections.Many hyphae developed lateral ,short ,thin ,truncate tubercles.No conidia or chlamydospores were observed.3 The survival status of mice after infection After infection,the consumption of mice decreased significantly and gradually weight loss ,reduced activity and poor mental .when given drug treatment ,mice in Fluconazole and Itraconazole groups mental status improved;Saline control and Terbinafine groups had no significant changes .4 Death condition after infection Natural death emerged at the 3 days and stoped at the 15 days after inoculation.The survival rates of Saline control group, Fluconazole group,Itraconazole group and Terbinafine group were 12%,64%,68%,20%,respectively,Compared with the control group ,the survival rate and the median survival time had significant differences.(P<0.05)5 General changes of Organs Internal organs of mice in each group had different degrees of pathological changes.visible white microabscess on the organs'surface,especially on the surface of liver.6 Histopathology examination Pyogenic granuloma formation with numerous inflammatory cells infiltrated was seen using routine HE stain,furthermore ,when stained with PAS ,violet branched hyphae could be found in organs except kidney.7 Results of reverse fungus culture when cultured at 37℃for 3days ,the fungi began to grow on part of visceras .the coloninal morpgology and shape of hyphae consistent with the experimental strain .the fungal retro-culture rate of liver and spleen : Fluconazole group and Itraconazole group were obviously lower than control group andTerbinafine group.(P<0.05) but there were no significant difference between Fluconazole group and Itraconazole group , control group and Terbinafine group .Reverse culture positive of other organs were too lowe to obvious the difference.8 Fungal burden of liver Compared with the control group ,the fungal burden of liver had significant differences .(P<0.05). Fluconazole group and Itraconazole group were obviously lower than control group and Terbinafine group,but there was no significant difference between Fluconazole group and Itraconazole group.Conclusions:1 Fluconazole and Itraconazole show good activity againet schizophyllum commune in vivo. they prolong the median survival time of the immunodepressed mouse suffered from systemic infection of schizophyllum commune ,improve the survival rate ,significantly increase the fungal clearance rate in tissue of liver and spleen,decrease the fungal burden of live.but, Terbinafine was ineffective in vivo.2 There are no significant difference between Fluconazole and Itraconazole in aspect of the survival rate,median survival time ,fungal clearance rate and fungal burden of live of the immunodepressed mouse.
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