| In order to further exploit Schizophyllum commune Fr., mycelia and extracellular polysaccharides (schizophyllan) which obtained from it by liquid fermentation, were use as materials to investigate the anti-aging effect, the hepatoprotective activity and the promotive ability of milk secretion of schizophyllan. In addition, to screen the anti-fungi and anti-bacteria activities of extracts from mycelia of S. commune as well.The results were as follow:1. To study the effects of schizophyllan on various aging indicators of mice treated with D-galactose. Aging model was established by i.p. D-galactose, taking learning and memory results, indexes of immune organs, activities of SOD and MAO, contents of MDA and mtDNA in serum, liver and brain as indicators. The results showed that, compared with model group, SPG could recover learning and memory capacity, resist immune organs atrophy, enhance the activity of SOD, inhibit the activity of MAO, reduce the content of MDA and mtDNA in serum, liver and brain of aging mice. The optimum dosage was200mg·kg-1. In conclusion, high does of SPG has remarkable anti-aging effect (P<0.01). The targeted effects on serum and liver are much more significant than on brain.2. To study the protection of schizophyllan against chemical and immunological hepatic injury, and discuss the possible mechanisms of it as well. Schizophyllan (100or200mg·kg-1, b.w.) were administered orally to experimental mice. Chemical liver injury (CLI) was induced by injection of carbon tetrachloride (CC14,0.1%in olive oil, i.p.), immunological liver injury (ILI) was induced by injection of endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS,7.5μg/0.2ml, i.v.) in Bacille-Calmette-Guerin (BCG,2.5mg/0.2ml,i.v.)-primed mice. The indexes of spleen, thymus and liver were measured. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), interleukin-12(IL-12) and interleukin-18(IL-18) in serum, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) in liver homogenates were examined. Histopathologic changes of the liver tissues were analysed. The results showed that, to some extent, the abnormal organ indexes were alleviated, the contents of AST and ALT in serum were reduced, the suppressed activity of SOD were activated, the amounts of MDA and NO in liver homogenates were decreased in both CLI and ILI models by administration of SPG. Besides, the levels of TNF-a, IFN-y, IL-12and IL-18, which all be secreted by hepatocytes, were well-controlled by administration of SPG in ILI model. The optimal dosage is200mg·kg-1. In conclusion, SPG at the dose of200mg·kg-1has remarkably hepatoprotective effect on chemical and immunological liver injury. The mechanism of protective effect of SPG on CLI model may due to its strong antioxidation in vivo. Furthermore, except the antioxidative activity, the immunoregulation of SPG could not be ignored on treating ILI model mice. SPG prevented hepatocytes from direct lesion by lowering the secretion of TNF-a. 3. To study the promotions of milk secretion in both l-dopa-induced and normal mice by water-extraction of S. commune and its fermentation products. The hypogalactia model was established by i.p.l-dopa (20mg-kg-1) on the second day after delivery. Milk secretion, serum prolactin (PRL) content and histopathology of breast tissue of both l-dopa-induced and normal mice were observed respectively. The results showed that, after administration of water-extraction of S. commune (250mg-ml-1) and water-extraction of its mycelia (250mg-ml-1), milk secretion of l-dopa-induced and normal mice were increased significantly, suppressed serum PRL content and atrophic breast cells in l-dopa-induced mice were restored remarkably. For normal mice, serum PRL content was enhanced to a certain extent while there was no abnormal histopathological change in breast. In conclusion, water-extraction of S. commune and water-extraction of its mycelia have obviously promotive abilities of milk secretion, as well, there are no significant difference between this two treatments. However, its mechanism remains further exploration. Besides, fermentation broth has no effect on both l-dopa-induced mice and normal mice.4. Study the anti-fungi and anti-bacteria activities of extracts from mycelia of S.commune by liquid fermentation to provide the basis for its evaluation and development. Filter paper method was used to screen the anti-fungi and anti-bacteria effects of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol extracts on Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Kocuria kristinae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sakazakii, Salmonella typhimurium. The results showed that, no extracts from mycelia had anti-fungi effect, while some extracts had anti-bacteria effect on some bacteria, such as petroleum ether extract had anti-bacteria effect on S. faecalis and S. typhimurium, n-butyl alcohol extract had anti-bacteria effect on S. typhimurium. The inhibition rates were between30%-60%only. In conclusion, the anti-bacteria activity was neither broad spectrum nor efficient. Maybe there are a small amount of anti-bacteria compounds in petroleum ether and n-butyl alcohol extracts.The following were innovation of this paper:1. This is the first time to study the anti-aging effect of SPG on mice treated with D-galactose. In order to discuss it more comprehensive, many indicators were analyzed. The results revealed that the targeted effect on serum and liver are much more significant than on brain.2. This is the first time to study the protection of SPG against chemical and immunological hepatic injury, two kinds of classic models were used to disscuss the possible mechanisms. It was analyzed from various angles by different means as well.3. This is the first time to study the promotion of milk secretion by administration of water-extractions of5. commune and its fermentation products. For the better development of S. commune in the field of both clinical and health care, this research was processed on the basic of its traditional application in folk in southwest of China under a more scientific approach. |
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