A Study On Regional Equalization Of The Goverment Spending On Public Health In China

Good state of health not only provides society with quality human capital, but also promotes social progress and economic development. The guiding development principle of giving priority to economic efficiency propels the rapid advance of China's economy; however, meanwhile, it leads to the severe unbalanced development of economy and society which issues serious challenge to the non-profit characteristic of public health and to the health and medical care system in China.The major goal of health and medical care is fairness, which should be taken into account while reforming and developing the health and medical care system. Especially in the current context of constructing harmonious society, such problems as how to meet every social member's basic need of health and medical care and how to rationally allocate the health resources so as to improve its utility efficiency and to advance the balanced development of the cause of public health have to be settled urgently.Under the circumstances, this thesis, from the perspective of public health investment benefit incidence, probes into the unfairness phenomena in the field of health and medical care since the reform and opening policy in China and makes quantitative analyses into the causes of the above-mentioned phenomenon.Firstly, this thesis makes a scrutiny into the public health expenditure condition, especially the expenditure scale and its present condition. Secondly, this thesis conducts positive analysis of discrepancy in public health investment benefit incidence through such methods as single factor variance analysis, centralized curve method, Theil index method, etc. Finally, by means of constructing econometric model, this thesis attempts to analyze and assess the leading factors influencing the discrepancy in public health investment benefit incidence and the cause of this phenomenon.This thesis mainly concludes that there are significant differences in public health expenditure between high-income regions, sub-high-income areas, middle-income districts, sub-low-income localities and the low-income areas; that the condition of the public health expenditure in China assumes a V-shape with the high-income regions as the main beneficiaries and the sub-low-income regions as the chief casualties; that the people in the high-income regions enjoy a greater benefit than people in the low-income areas. Moreover, this thesis maintains that the principal factors exerting influences on the public health investment benefit incidence lie in the following aspects: economic development level, age and education status; that age has a positive correlation with public health expenditure while education status has a negative correlation with it.In view of the above-mentioned facts, this thesis put forward the following solutions: first, the governments'responsibilities at all levels for public health expenditure and expenditure scale can be defined by means of legislation; second, the public health expenditure and policy support should be strengthened in the"sandwich class"areas; third, the counterpart support mode should be introduced so as to solve the problem of medical personnel shortage in remote districts.