| Chronic periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by microorganisms in the dental plaque, and is the main responsible for loss tooth in adults in the Chinese Han population. While dental plaque biofilm is essential for periodontitis initiation, environmental factors and genetic factors influece the progression and severity of chronic periodontitis. There is a complex interaction of cytokines involved in the inflammatory and immune responses during inflamed periodontal disease.Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1)is a multifunctional cytokine, and regulates cell growth, differentiation and function. It not only modulates periodontal inflammatory reactions, but also remodels in periodontal soft and mineralized tissues. Particularly, TGF-β1 has a potent immunosuppressive activity, down-regulating some pro-inflammatory cytokines transcription including IL-1,TNF-a and MMPs. It has been suggested that TGF-β1 is associated with Chronic periodontitis.A genetic polymorphism in the promoter region-509 position of TGF-β1 gene represents a C-to-T base exchange, which creates two different alleles in the region. The genetic polymorphism was shown to influence the production, secretion or activity of the TGF-β1,and has been associated with risk of inflammatory diseases which are related to periodontitis in previous studies. However, only limited data investigate the role of genetic polymorphisms in the TGF-β1 gene. Genetic polymorphisms in the TGF-β1 gene may be useful as susceptibility factor for chronic periodontitis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the-509 polymorphism of the TGF-β1 gene and chronic periodontal disease in the Chinese Han population.Objectives:Genetic polymorphisms in the TGF-β1 gene are associated with inflammation and regulation of immune responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between TGF-β1 gene-509C/T polymorphism and severe chronic periodontitis in the Chinese Han population. Methods:A total of 204 subjects were included in this study. Genomic DNA was isolated from buccal swab of 102 patients with severe chronic periodontitis and 102 healthy controls. TGF-β1-509C/T genotype polymorphism was amplified by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, and digested with Eco81I restiction endonuclease. TGF-β1 genotypes were identified by gel electrophoresis. The frequencies of TGF-β1-509C/T genotype and allele were assessed by theχ2 test.The significant level wasα=0.05.Results:The three possible genotypes were found in the Chinese Han population. The genotype distributions were consistent with the assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in each group (P>0.05).the distributions of TGF-β1-509C/T genotype and allele were significantly defferent between severe chronic periodontitis group and control group (P<0.05).-509CC,CT and TT genotype frequencies were 44.1%, 47.1%,8.8% in severe chronic periodontitis group and 29.4%,51.0%,19.6% in control group,respectively.-509C allele and-509T allele frequencies were 67.6%, 32.4% in severe chronic periodontitis group and 54.9%,45.1% in control group,respectively. The relative risk analysis found that C allele carriers had higher risk of suffering severe chronic periodontitis compared with T allele carriers (OR=1.718,95%CI:1.148-2.569)Conclusions:TGF-β1-509C/T polymorphism is associated with severe chronic periodontitis in Chinese Han population,and C allele may be an important genetic susceptibility gene for severe chronic periodontitis.
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