Relationship Between Looming Cognitive Style And Symptoms In Depressive Disorder

Depression is a common affective mental disorder, and it is the fourth largest disease that leads to the disability and health. The disease has seriously affected a person's mood, thinking, sense of self, interpersonal relationships, and physical functional status.16% of people at some point in their lives may be suffering from depression. In clinical, symptoms of depression and anxiety symptoms are often overlapping, depression disorders frequently associate with significant anxiety symptoms.During the factors that influence the incidence of depressive disorder, cognitive appraisal and coping styles play a very important role. The depressive disorders with anxiety symptom show more nervous, worried and panic. The patients who are seriously ill, will show agitation in spirit motility, and very often accompanied by autonomic symptoms and physical discomfort, the cognitive dysfunction are more prominent and persistent.Therefore, this study introduced and revised the Tools—Looming Maladaptive Style Questionnaire (LMSQ) that was established by Riskind and his colleague. LMSQ is specific to the anxiety symptoms and can measure patients'looming cognitive style. This study also has inquired into the relationship above the looming cognitive style, coping style, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and cognitive impairment.Subjects were 281 university students and 272 depressive patients drawn from a university and a hospital in Shanxi province. The purpose of this research was to study the relationships the relationship above the looming cognitive style (LCS), coping style, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and cognitive impairment and compare the LCS, coping style, depressive symptoms and cognitive function of the patients with and with out anxiety symptoms by interview, questionnaire investigation and psychological test method. Three studies were conducted in this paper.The first part, adopting interview and questionnaire method, we revised the Looming Maladaptive Style Questionnaire (LMSQ) on the basis of Chinese traditional culture, which was used widely in the foreign countries.In the second part, we compared the LCS, coping style, depressive symptoms and cognitive function of the two groups patients with and with out anxiety symptoms. We collected data using questionnaires and psychological tests methods and compared the two group patients'LCS, coping style, depressive symptoms and cognitive function by t-test and analysis of variance. At the third section, we discussed the relationship between the variables of coping style and depressive disorder syndromes (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and cognitive impairment) by using questionnaires and psychological tests method to collect data and structural equation modeling (SEM) to confirm the inherence logical relationships.Through the empirical studies, we obtained several findings as followings:(1) The reliability and validity of revised LMSQ were good not only for university students but also for depressive patients. LMSQ could be used as a useful testing tool of LCS in psychological research.(2) Compared with the depressive patients without anxiety symptoms, the patients with anxiety symptoms showed more serious depressive symptoms, their cognitive impairment was also more prominent and stubborn, High LCS, and they were more likely to overestimate the threat of the outside world.(3) As for the links between LCS and depressive disorder's symptoms, LCS could positively predict depressive patients'depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, as well as negatively predict cognitive impairment. Coping style partly mediated LCS and depressive syndrome including depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, of depressive disorder's symptoms including depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and cognitive function.