| Smoking is harm to human health.The relevant medical researches show that smoking is the risk factor of the cardiovascular disease, malignant tumor, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and so on. Smoking has become the second killer after hypertension. Each year about 5 millions people die from smoking related diseases. The WHO has declared smoking the most serious public health problem in the globle, and put the tobacco control into the agenda. In China doctors, teachers and civil servants are three groups of high social class. Due to their occupational peculiarity, their attitudes and behaviors set an important example to other people. The doctors have the duty on maintaining and promoting the public health. Since they are more knowlegeble about health than other people, their advice and suggestion are more believable. Teachers can directly affect the smoking behavior and attitude of the childrens and adolescents and influence the students gradually. As public servants performing their state functionaries, the civil servants are often considered to be a model to others. Evidence in successfully tobacco control countries shows that, the behavioral change of the doctors, teachers and civil servants has great influence on other people. Therefore, the study on their smoking behavior has profound significance. So we carried out a questionnaire survey on the doctors, teachers and civil servants, using the two stages of random sampling methods. In this study we first describe and analyze the smoking situation and the knowledge, attitude and practice toward smoking in the three groups, and then use chiq square analysis and non-conditional logistic regression model to conclude the relationship between related factors and the smoking and smoking control of the doctors, teachers and civil servants. The purpose of this study is to find out the knowledge, attitude and practice about smoking and smoking control in the groups of the doctors, teachers and civil servants, proposing reasonable suggestions and to provide the basis for specific intervention strategies. Results:1. The status of smoking(1)Doctors: The sample size is 1517 and the current smoking rate is 15.0%. Among the smokers, 60.1% have smoked for more than 10 years, 29.8% are heavey smokers, and the average cigarette consumption is 12.06±8.419 per day. Also in the smokers, 68% smoke in office hours, 18.9% have smoked when they talked to patients, 57.4% smoke in the office. The successful smoking concession rate of all the doctors is 3.0%, while 43.0% of the smokers plan to quit smoking recently. The non-conditional logistic regression analysis shows that male, old age, surgeon and no smoke prohibitions at home may be the risk factors about the doctor smoking; high standard of culture may be the protective factors about the doctor smoking.(2)Teachers: The sample size is 900 and the current smoking rate is 9.0%. Among the smokers, 56.8% have smoked for more than 10 years, 33.0% are heavey smokers, and the average cigarette consumption is 12.86±9.192 per day. Also in the smokers, 75.0% smoke in office hours, 44.3% have smoked in front of the students, 66.7% smoke in the office. The successful smoking concession rate of all the doctors is 2.4%, while 52.3% of the smokers plan to quit smoking recently. The non-conditional logistic regression analysis shows that male, university teachers and no smoke prohibitions at home may be the risk factors about the teachers smoking; bachelor degree may be the protective factors about the teachers smoking.(3)Civil servants: The sample size is 601 and the current smoking rate is 29.3%. Among the smokers, 59.1% have smoked more than 10 years, 33.5% are heavey smokers, and the average cigarette consumption is 13.77±7.652 per day. Also in the smokers, 93.8% smoke in office hours, 78.2% smoke in the office. The successful smoking concession rate of all the civil servants is 7.0%, while 42.0% of the smokers plan to quit smoking recently. The non-conditional logistic regression analysis shows that male, hige aged and no smoke prohibitions at home may be the risk factors about the civil servants smoking; high standard of culture may be the protective factors about the civil servants smoking.2. Konwledge and attitude(1) The rate for the objects to be aware of knowledge about tobacco hazard in some questions is low. For example, only 58.4% doctors, 66.8% teachers and 54.4% civil servants think that "the less tar and nicotine contained in the cigarettes, the lower risk to the body" is wrong; 48.2% doctors, 51.0% teachers and 38.1% civle servants believe that the filters in the cigarettes can't reduce the dangers of smoking; only 11.1% doctors, 5.3% teachers and 11.1% civil servants consider that nicotine in cigarettes is not the chemical substances causing most of the cancers.(2) The rate for the objects to be aware of knowledge about the relationship between smoking and some lung diseases in some questions is high, while between smoking and other diseases is low. For example, only 17.3% doctors, 14.9% teachers and 17.8% civil servants think that smoking and prostatitis is irrelevant; 72.4% doctors, 59.1% teachers and 48.4% civil servants believe that smoking have relation to osteoporosis; 83.7% doctors, 68.8% teachers and 64.1% civil servants consider that smoking is linked to male sexual dysfunction.(3) The rate for the objects to be aware of knowledge about the relationship between passive smoking and lung diseases is high. Only 69.7% doctors, 74.1% teachers and 57.4% civil servants think that passive smoking is related to crib death.(4) Most objects advise that it should be smoke-free in all indoor locations of hospitals, schools, meeting rooms, workplaces and public tools and government agencies. The proportion of approving prohibiting smoking in restaurants and bars is small.3. Tobacco controlling related behavior(1) Doctors: 84.5% doctors will question the patient's smoking condition when they treat a patient. Among the doctors who have questioned, only 30.9% of them inquire about it when the patient's condition is related to smoking. 64.3% doctors have heard of smoking drugs, in which only 1.6% doctors have used smoking drugs for patients. The non-conditional logistic regression analysis shows that male, highly educated, doctors except internal medicine and unawareness of smoking addiction may be the risk factors about the doctors not having quentioned the patients actively; working in the second class hospitals may be the protective factors.(2) Teachers: 79.7% teachers have informed the students about the health hazard caused by smoking, in which 31.7% teachers instruct the students about the skills to reject smoking. Only 13.8% teachers have accepted the training about preventing teenagers smoking. The non-conditional logistic regression analysis shows that high school and university teachers and unawaring of smoking addiction may be the risk factors about the teachers not informing the students about the harmfulness of smoking; high aged may be the protective factors.Conclusions:1. The smoking rates of the doctors, teachers and civil servants are still high, in which the civil servants' smoking rate is the highest. The average cigarette consumption per day among the current smokers is above 10. There are many heavy smokers and many have smoked for more than 10 years. The male, surgeons, university teachers, old age and no smoke prohibitions at home is the risk factors on smoking. How to reduce the smoking rate of the three groups is the important problems we must pay attention to.2. The knowledge of the doctors, teachers and civil servants to the tobacco harmfulness, the relationship between smoking, passive smoking and diseases is not enough or comprehensive. We must strengthen the propaganda of the tobacco control in order to let the groups come to understand the hazard of smoking, and promote the smokers quit smoking.3. The ability of the doctors and teachers in tobacco control is weak, so we should increase their attitude and cultivate their behavior. We need to improve the doctors' knowledge and skills to help the patients quit smoking, and to train the teachers carry out more tobacco teaching activities.4. We need to reinforce attitude for the doctors, teachers and civil servants to set up a good model, so as to set good examples for other populations. |
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