Study On Molecular Cytogenetics Abnormalities In Multiple Myeloma By Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Multiple myeloma is a plasma-cell neoplasm that is characterized by skeletal destruction, renal failure, anemia, and hypercalcemia.As a common hematological malignancy, the overall of multiple myeloma isn't promising. The key of research is how to evaluate the patient's prognosis at the first diagnosis and give a appropriate therapy.It was discovered in my study that the change of the molecular cytogenetics in MM patient is associated with the prognosis. If patients having t (4; 14) and/or t (14; 16) or P53 gene deletion, the median survival time is 24.7 months. But having 13q14 deletion, the median survival time is 42.3 months. Having t (11;14) only or no cytogenetics abnormalities as above, the median survival time is 50.5 months.Conventional detection methods for cytogenetic abnormalities is cytogenetic banding techniques (commonly used for the G-banding technique). As a result of multiple myeloma cells is a kind of relatively mature tumor cells which have low proliferative activity in vitro and metaphase cells is lower than normal, therefore the technology has been severely limited. There are some important prognostic significance involving the gene locus microdeletion or abnormalities only in interphase cells, the traditional cytogenetic techniques can not be detected. So it is urgent need for a new technology to supplement.Fluorescence in situ hybridization is a method of physical mapping which using fluorescein-labeled probe to detect the hybridization between the probe and metaphase chromosomes or interphase chromatin.FISH technique was used in this study to detect the molecular cytogenetics of 20 non-multiple myeloma cases and 20 multiple myeloma patients. The threshold was established and FISH results of MM patients was analyzed. The conclusion are as followed: 1. The FISH is more sensitive than the G-banding to detect the cytogenetics abnormalities of MM cells; 2. 65% MM patients have molecular cytogenetics abnormalities; 3. The ratio of only one molecular cytogenetics abnormality is the highest which is 46% among all abnormalities; 4. Among all molecular cytogenetics abnormalites, the ratio of 1q21 is the highest and the ratio of RB1 is the lowest.