| Objective:By means of questionnaire survey to analyze the reason for Guangzhou and Macau women residents declined to cervical cytology,to analyze the similarities and difference in cognition between Guangzhou and Macau women residents on the cervical cancer,the high risk factors of cervical cancer and the cervical cytology,and to compare with different means in their awareness of cervical cancer,so as to improve their cognition of cervical cancer and identify themselves with participation in anti-cancer check-up,to provide medical institutions and relevant government departments with reference information and recommendation with a view to improving coverage of the cervix cancer prevention and inspection,and reducing cervical cancer incidence and mortality and to improving women's quality of life.Method:1.Design of questionnaires refers to the questionnaires that Lu Meijuan etc.used for Moshi smear survey in Macau area in 2005 and to consider the acceptance of women respondents in both cities.2.During the period of May 2007 to Feb 2008,distributed questionnaires by person who is responsible for the survey to the Guangzhou and Macau women patients in the out-patient clinics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou JiNan University,and it's Dongpu branch, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College and the clinics in Macau,and requested the respondents to fill out the questionnaires on the spot and afterwards gathered the questionnaires.Standards for effective questionnaires:respondents are aged between 18-65 years old,reserve cervix,have sex life,and have not done cervical cytology examination,and answer all questions as requested. 3.Questionnaire recovery:questionnaires were distributed to 3 hospitals in Guangzhou and clinics in Macau,700 questionnaires in each place,with a total of 670 copies were collected in Guangzhou and 650 copies were collected in Macau,recovery rate of 95%and 92.86%;599 copies in Guangzhou and 340 copies in Macau were effective,with the availability of 85.57% and 48.7%.In the collection,71 copies of the respondents in Guangzhou and 310 copies in Macau indicated that they had done have done a cervical cell examination,accounting for 10.60%and 44.29%recovery of the questionnaire.4.All information collected from the questionnaires is divided into Guangzhou and Macau groups and input into the computer separately,using data with Excel for a preliminary statistical analysis,and using the SPSS 15.0 software X2 for further comparative analysis.Results:1.General situation of Guangzhou and Macau women respondents:(1) Guangzhou group of women respondents significantly are younger than the Macau group(X2=63.149,P＜0.001).(2) Guangzhou group of women respondents(accounted for 52.68%with college or higher education),significantly have higher education than Macau respondents women(accounting for 62.06%with secondary education),(X2=48.814,P＜0.001).2.Awareness of cervical cancer between Guangzhou and Macau women respondents.(1) 83.14%of Guangzhou group are aware of cervical cancer,which is significantly lower than Macau group of 88.82%(X2=5.558,P=0.018＜0.05).(2) 11.75%of Guangzhou group are not aware of high risk factors that cause Cervical Cancer, which is significantly higher than Macau group of 5.70%unawareness(X2=41.54,P＜0.001). However,both groups are aware of essentially the same high risk factors to cause cervical cancer. (3) Prevention and early detection of cervical cancer:61.57%of Guangzhou Group preferred cervical cytology as first choice,which is obviously lower than Macau group with 75.88%(X2 =42.997,P=0.000).The following choices are B Ultrasonic(Guangzhou Group17.21%, Macau Group 8.53%) and blood tests(Guangzhou Group 5.22%,Macau Group 9.41%)(X2= 42.997,P＜0.001);15.83%of Guangzhou group did not know how to prevent and early detect cervical cancer,which is significantly higher than that of the Macau group with only 6.18% (X2=42.997,P＜0.001).3.Different reasons for both groups interviewed declined cervical cytology examination: Women respondents of Guangzhou and Macau group declined cervical cytology test due to significant difference(X2=91.0434,P＜0.05).Reasons for Guangzhou group are more focus while for Macau group,reasons are more various,respectively:①no need to go to doctor due to no discomfort(38.96%vs.31.74%)②do not know this inspection(34.05%vs.17.70%)③no need inspection due to no sexually transmitted disease (9.09%vs.16.01%)④have no idea where to do the examination(6.06%vs.7.87%),and it shows Macau group are more Conservative as 8.99%choose "too shy to be inspected by male doctors" while only 2.02%of Guangzhou group choose this answer.4.Significant difference in the means of recognizing cervical cytology examination between Guangzhou and Macau women respondents(X~2=46.187,P＜0.001):(1) For women respondents who were introduced by doctors about the cervical cytology examination,Guangzhou group accounting for 19.73%,is obviously lower than Macau group of 60.29%(X~2=158.289,P＜0.001)。(2) For women respondents who knew about the cervical cytology through other means, Guangzhou group accounting for 19.73%,obviously lower than Macau group of 69.41% (X~2=227.676,P＜0.001)。Among the groups,known by the media are respectively 55.07%vs.31.82%,known by relatives and friends are 12.5%vs.15.44%。(3) The means for Guangzhou group of women respondents to better understand cervical cytology is quite different from the means for Macau group(X~2=91.043,P＜0.001), which are①the media(52.65%vs.68.53%)②medical staff(36.75%vs.29.70%)③brochures and posters(9.91%vs.1.76%)Conclusion:1.Although there is a low level of cognitive on the cervical cancer prevention and treatment for adult women in both places,but Guangzhou adult women have less knowledge than Macau adult women on the cervical cancer as well as the high risk factors to cause such disease and the knowledge about cervical cytology.2.Although the proportion of different,but the main reasons for Guangzhou and Macau adult women declined to cervical cytology are as follows:①do not need to go to doctor without any discomfort②do not know about this inspection③no need to do inspections due to no sexually transmitted disease.3.The media and the medical staff is the main channel for adult women in both Guangzhou and Macau to know about cervical cytology inspection,but the advocacy efforts that Guangzhou health care staff make to adult women seems relatively weaker.4.Adult women in both cities are most likely to believe that the media is the best way to help them know about cervical cytology,therefore it is proposed that related departments of the two governments could strengthen a variety of media to introduce knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and treatment,and to promote anti-cancer census.5.Guangzhou medical institutions should take the initiative to strengthen adult women's awareness of relevant knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and treatment. |
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