Detection Of Serum Gastrin Level In Chronic Superficial Gastritis

As one of the most common gastrointestinal peptide hormones, gastrin was found in 1905.In 1964,Gregory and Tracy successfully extracted and purified gastrin and finally identified it as a gastrointestinal peptide hormone. Inrrently, scholars have discovered that gastrin genes was located in g zone of No.17 chromosome in human body with a size of 4.1kb.The major form of human gastrin is amidated gastrin with molecular structures including G-17 and G-34, etc. G-17, which composes 80% to 90% of the gastrin, has comprehensive biological functions, and it is usually what we called"gastrin". The other form, G-34, is dominant in duodenal gastrin. The main biological functions of gastrin are to promote the secretion of gastrin acid from parietal cells and the growth of mucous epithilial cells, to accelerate repair of gastric mucous issue, and participates in gastric mucous in flamination reaction. Over the recent years, researchers focused not only the fundermental biological function of gastrin, but also on its close relations to various gastric disease development as well as the factors affecting synthesis and secretion of gastrin.Chronic superficial gastritis the most common gastric mucus disease with a morbidity of 20%to 60%, and about 40% of the cases can be detected by gastro scope. It can be divided into 3 levels according to the degree of spread of inflammatory cells. Mild, a few chronic inflammatory cells are present and they are limited to the surface mucus or no more than 1/3 of the mucus layer. Medium, relatively dense inflanmatory cells exist no more than 2/3 of the mucus layer; Severe, dense inflammation cells spread all over the mucus layer. At present, the reports on the relation between chronic superficial gastritis and gastrin are relatively rare, and some obvious problems are concerned:(1) A small samples of research(2) Contradictory results(3) Concentrated on histolytic aspects(4) No classifications of the research objectivesAt the same time, very few studies, both domestic and abroad, have reported the effects of gender and serum on gastrin.This study, using ELISA, investigated 2871 serum samples, including 117 normal control groups, 225 samples from mild chronic superficial gastritis, 2030 from medium chronic superficial gastritis groups, and 499 from severe chronic superficial gastritis groups. 1003 of the total 2871 samples are from males, and 1027 from females. The total sample pool also included 432 people below 39 years old, 624 people between 40 to 49,614 people between 50 to 59, and 342 people more than 60 years old. These systemic observations on the serum gastrin level will help in understanding the mechanism of chronic superficial gastritis through the development of anionic superficial gastritis, and its relationship with serum gastrin. In addition, we will illustrate the effects of gender and age on serum gastrin, setting theoretical and experimental basis for understanding the significance of serum gastrin.The results show that the serum gastrin increases dramatically with the increasing level of chronic superficial gastritis. Therefore, the level of serum gastrin can be used as an indication of the stage of chronic superficial gastritis to some extend. The upgraded release of gastrin may be one of the mechanisms causing chronic superficial gastritis. Previous studies have shown that the synthesis and release of gastrin increased in response to inflammation-causing bacteria. It later modulated the inflammation responses by enhancing the production and release of IL-8 as well as the expression of neurolites mRNA. At the same time, the modified inflammation factors and cell factors could back stimulate the transcription of gastrin genes and promote the release and synthesis of gastrin. Therefore, this interaction between the gastrin and regional inflammation responses created a feedback regulation. We hypothesize that this might be the mechanism of gastrin regarding its promotion of development of chronic superficial gastritis, although the exact mechanism is still unclear.Since only clinical observations and gastro scope do not give a reliable identification of the extend of cell inflammation, testing the gastrin level in serum would be an effective complement to gastro scope. It can help improve the ability to clarify the level of chronic superficial gastritis and the efficiency of gastrithe treatment. Moreover, researches showed that, as chronic rophic gastritis, chronic superficial gastritis could also increase the risk of getting gastric cancer. Thus the ability to identify the stage of chronic superficial gastritis can be helpful in preventing gastric cancer.At present, measuring the serum gastrin level has become a complementary diagnostic index on identifying gastric diseases, such as gastrin tumor and chronic atrophic gastritis. However, for a long time, none systemic research has been done on serum gastrin level and convincing people to realized its importance. Gender and age are certainly factors that have to considered in realizing the individual variations when researching, since they are common and important factors affecting synthesis and secretion of many hormones. We investigated the roles of age and gender in the samples with medium chronic superficial gastritis. Results showed that gender had no significant effects on serum gastrin level presented. This may be due to the minimum effect of sex hormones in the synthesis and secretion of gastrin. The group with an age over 60 showed significantly higher level of serum gastrin comparing to the other three groups which all had relatively similar levels of serum gastrin. This raised level of serum gastrin level in elder people may explain the fact they usually have higher chances of getting chronic gastric diseases, it may relate to their disorderness in regulating synthesis and secretion of gastrin. So, taking into account of age will be valuable in understand the significance of gastrin in pathological aspect.