A Study On The System Of Rural Medical Assistance In China

Rural medical assistance is a significant component of the entire social security system and an important content of the social succour. The significance and purpose of this thesis is to meet not only the needs of the peasants'healthy but also the needs of the overall arrangement of the stable and harmonious development of the social economy and the medical and health work between town and country. The following are the main contents:1. The fundamental theory of the rural medical assistance system. Medical assistance is a kind of operating mechanism that the government renders aid to the poor in fiscality, policy and technology by which the poor can gain some or all fundamental medical service directly. Both rural medical assistance and rural new pattern cooperative medical care are the important components of the rural medical assistance system; it is helpful for the same area to carry out the cooperative medical care and the medical assistance at a time to reduce the administrative cost. From the analysis of their difference and connection, we can reach a conclusion that if we want to deal with the two things properly we should pay great attention to their linkup and coordination and at the same time we should not equate them or weaken the rural medical assistance and treat it as a part of the cooperative medical care. Moreover, we should push forward the two synchronically to pursue their coordination. In the literature review part, several thoughts in social medical assistance of different economists in different times are elaborated, including the poverty theory and the social medical assistance theory of welfare economics, Keynesian,'Beveridge'and the new Cambridge school.2. International experience of medical assistance. Four forms of medical assistance to the poor abroad and the merit and defects of each form are introduced. The first is the special insurance for the poor. This is set up especially for the poor to solve the regular medical insurance insolvency. It is compensated by the country and society and the poor also need to bear certain proportion cost. The second is the common allowance commixture medical insurance. This kind of medical insurance is a mixed one which shows great diversity and the state-owned and private insurance systems coexist. The poor are basically free of the premium. The third is the hygiene service pattern of the whole people. The characteristic of this pattern is that the entire people make no difference. They are all free to gain the medical service and the cost is completely paid by the state tax revenue. The fourth is the donation of the charity organization and society. Those countries that carry out this pattern commonly do not put special medical assistance system for the poor into practice. They will mainly rely on social forces or charity organizations to provide the poor with hygiene service. Or they will depend on the international support to resolve this problem.3. Problems exist in our country's rural medical assistance. The data provides by the Ministry of Civil Affairs indicates that the county (city, area) having agricultural population of the whole country have set up the fundamental rural medical assistance system and have salvaged 11,120,000 by the end of the year of 1995. Among them, 8,680,000 people are subsidized to participate in the new pattern cooperative medical care, 2,440,000 people are salvaged directly and 1, 80,000,000 premiums are given out. Our country has formed comparatively systematic rural medical assistance system frame. But during the process there inevitably exist various problems. This thesis will mainly analyze from four aspects. The first is inadequate fund of the medical assistance. The second is that the medical assistance level is relatively low. The third is the hygiene resource distribution is unequal. The fourth is that the system is still not perfect.4. Improve the thought of medical assistance. In this part, this thesis builds on the fundamental theory of rural medical assistance, draws the experience of the medical assistance abroad and brings forward the following countermeasures. The first is to broaden the medical assistance raising channel and found social assistance organizations. The second is to expand the range of the rural serious illness medical assistance and link up with the rural new pattern cooperative medical care. The third is to establish the main position of the government in medical assistance and do well in the coordination between various departments of the government. The fourth is to make the laws and regulations of the medical assistance system perfect and make it go by laws. The last is to do well in the rural prevention and cure.