Primary Study On Essential Oil And Tannic In Northeast Water-caltrop

It has long history of therapy disease with Chinese traditional medicine. Ithas specific and affirmative curative effect. It get more and more attention insome cosmopolitan ticklish disease. It can hardly be accepted by internationalbecause that it has complicated components which are ambiguous and itspharmacological mechanism is unclear. All that block it's appliance anddevelopment. The study of medicine chemistry is the key to modernize theChinese traditional medicine and make it worldword. The study of medicinecomponent and molecular structure is the basis on empolder and application ofmedicine. We cannot study the pharmacological mechanism for the medicine ofwhich components and molecular structure is unclear. Therefore the key ofmedicine chemistry is separating and purifying effective components. Onceeffective components are separated and purified. Its molecular structure andpharmacological mechanism can be analysed. Consequently its clinic curativeeffect can be advanced. Resent years the study on chemical components of onekind of medicine has go deeplyword gradually.Water caltrop is one of the special products of our country. Its planting hasmore than 3000-year histories from the Zhou Dynasty. There are many kinds ofnutrition ingredients in the shell of water caltrop such as protein, fat, dietaryfibre, calcium, phosphorus, iron, carotene. In the herbalist doctor, eating freshwater caltrop can cool down the hot in the stomach, dispel the exhaustion andravel out thirst, eating cooked water-caltrop can benefit spleen. So it is a kind ofuseful plant which can be used as food and medicine. In recent ten years thestudy on water caltrop concentrate mainly on cultivation, nutriology, andexploiture. While there are scarcely reports on the chemical component andpharmacological reactive. Therefore separating is necessary in order to find theeffective components and exploit it.There are four parts in my experiment. In the first part I chose the methodof quantitative test in the tube, round filter paper test and TLC analysis.Determine the total tannin with spectrophotometric. Determine the gallic acidwith HPLC. In the second part, study of essential oil, extracting thewater-caltrop with water steam distillation and identifying these componentswith GC-MS. In the third part, study of extracting technics, orthogonal tests wasused. Analyse the result with range analysis and variance analysis and confirmthe best technics . In the fourth part, separating the chemical components, Ichose the method of reducing the sorts till the single material. During separating,membrane separation, column layer separation, TLC separation were used.Identifying material separated with melting point method, UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13CNMR. Some conclusions can be get:1.There are carbohydrate, amino acid, protein, tannin, phenol, organic acid,essential oil, grease in the northeast water caltrop.2. Analyze the essential oil with GC-MS, 58 compounds were separatedrespectively .56 compounds being identified which were 96.5% of thetotal essential oil. In the water-caltrop monoterpene and sesquiterpenewhich are familiar compounds in the essential oil were not checked. Themain compounds in the separated materials are saturated and unsaturatedorganic acid (30.1%), ester (27.38%), saturated hydrocarbon and keton.The mostly materials are Diethyl Phthalate, Acetamide,N-acetyl-N,N`-1,2-ethanediylbis-, Isopropyl Palmitate, Hexadecanoic acid andOctadecanoic acid. The content of hexadecanoic acid is the most,15.56%.3.The best technics is 75% ethanol, 5mL·g-1water-caltrop, 3h each time, 2times are enough.4.The content of gallic acid is 0.651mg·g-1water-caltrop with the besttechnics.5.There is gallic acid in the water-caltrop. Its m.p. is 235～238℃,molecular formula is C7H6O5, molecular weight is 170.6. The total content of tannin is 1.266 mg·g-1water-caltrop.The content ofgallic acid in tannin is 51.42%.The study direction for the chemical components in northeast water caltropis clear. And the best extracting techniques is sure after my research. In myresearch I found that gallic acid distribute in the petroleum ether extract,chloroform extract, ethyl acetate extract and ethanol extract. In water-caltropthere are complex and low content components in which most are fluorescentpoint except carbohydrate, protein and gallic acid. The result of evaluation foressential has shown that there are not monoterpene and sesquiterpene butorganic acid, ester, saturate hydrocarbon and keton in the water-caltrop. Theother effective components in the northeast water-caltrop need to be studied inthe further experiment.