A Study On The Norms Of College Girls' Body Morphology And Physical Functions

Objective: With the betterment of living standard and the changes in medical studies, health standards have been the concern of more and more people as a result of that; meanwhile, it also enhances the development of a broad research domain, whose significance has been well recognized in China. In spite of that, it is a complicated matter to measure and evaluate physiques, of human beings comprehensively and unanimity is still a goal. Therefore, difficult as it is, many people still cherish the possibility to measure and evaluate objectively, effectively. The change of people's dietary structure and the improvement of living conditions have rendered the present health standard, established long time ago, inefficient to accurately reflect nowadays college girls'health conditions. Thus, a new method is needed to provide today's college girls with a health standard, which can be relied on to measure and reflect their health conditions, and to judge whether or not the college girls belong to the group of special bodily forms, therefore, they can be taken as a guideline to exercise, train, in order to attain and maintain sound body structures and fitness, moreover, it can serve as a foundation for the research about how fatty people should exercise to loose weight. Methods: This research used a great amount of information from foreign sources as reference. In a addition, it took into consider the physical characteristics of Chinese college girls. The system consists of the indexes concerning physical health, which is the comprehensive evaluation of the body morphology and physical functions. The 120 subjects of this research were the girl students between 18 and 23years old selected randomly from Jilin University, all of whom started their college studies in the years of 2001, 2002 or 2003. The measure equipments are all qualified according to the national standards, and one expert researcher was responsible for the measurement, in accordance with the international requirement. The body morphology norms that reflect the physical fitness have been accurately measured, including height, sitting height, weight, head girths, neck girths, chest girths, waist girths, gluteal(hips) girths, thigh girths, skinfolds (brachial triceps skinfolds, breast axilla skinfolds, subscapular skinfolds, abdominal skinfolds, supraspinale skinfolds, front thigh skinfolds), blood pressure, breath rate and heart rate at rest. The method of step experiment was also adopted during the measuring. All the data were gathered after the lessons in the morning. In the final stage of this research, all the data abouthealth norms were statistically analyzed under the help of computer. Through analysis seven cases were disqualified, the rest 113 cases were tested to be valid. Based on these cases, the researcher obtained the average values of the differentiated indexes that had been measured and its reference value range of 95%. Besides, the proportion of body fat (BF%) and the body mass index (BMI) as well as the reference value range of 95% were calculated according to the formula. The subjects'VO2max were obtained indirectly through the step experiment and ?-Strand nomogram, and furthermore, the average of VO2max and the reference value range of 95%. Thus established roughly the norms of college girls'body morphology and physical functions Results:All the data about health norms underwent a computer-aided statistical analysis to calculate the averages and the reference value range of 95%. Namely, the average of BMI was 20.55kg/m2 ±2.49,and its reference value range of 95% is from 15.67 kg/m2 to25.43 kg/m2. The average of waist-to-Hip-Ratio(WHR)is 0.79%±0.05,and the reference value range of 95% is from 0.70% to 0.88%. The average FP% is 20.73%±0.88,and the reference value range of 95% is from 19.0% to 22.46%.The average of VO2maxis 2.79L/min±0.56,and the reference value range of 95% is from 1.68L/m to 3.89L/m。Conclusion:Compared with the present norms set up both in China and other countries, the range of the indexes established through this research has been of an inclination of betterment, which is attributed to the improvement of materials and living standards, and the racial differences. Neither the norms of WTO or the new ones that the U.S.A. put forward on 17th June, 1996 is proper enough to be adopted to judge the eastern peoples who have decidedly different physical traits with the western people, whose height and other physical traits serve to establish the new norms. Thus Chinese people need a new norm system particularly for this ourselves.With the changes of people's dietary...