Pharmacology Studies And Quality Evaluation Of Ziheche And Its Substitutions

OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of Placenta suis,Placenta bovis and Placenta caprae as substitutions of Ziheche(placenta hominis) and establish suitable quality standards for Ziheche and its substitutions.METHODS The identifications of four mammalian placentaes were investigated by the analysis of Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, physical and chemical method , microscopy and TCL method. The contents of nitrogen in four placentaes were determined by Kjeldahl's method, and trace elements determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES). The pharmacodynamic studies involves the nourishing blood effect,learning and memory effect,anti-fatigue,anti-anoxia and immune effect. The nourishing blood effect of Ziheche and its substitutions ,the effects of them on hemorrhagic anemia and on anemia induced by chemical damage of cyclophosphamide in mice had been observed.The step down test was used to investigate the effects of four mammalian placentaes on learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine and sodium nitrite in mice.Anoxia and fatigue animal models in mice were used to reasearch the anti-fatigue and anti-anoxia abilities of four placentaes.The immune organs weight of mice were determined to evaluate the immunological function of four mammalian placentaes.Reasearches on maximal tolerance limit in mice were carried on. The identification, examination and content determination of ten samples of four placentaes were investigated,including the examinations on water content,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and heavy metals,and the determinations on protein,water extract and 75% ethanol extract.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The technique of PAGE is effective on indentifying four placentaes,but not on processed samples. Ziheche and its substitutions were directly determined with FTIR spectroscopy for the first time,and this method is reliable.The contents of protein and trace elements show that Ziheche had similar components with its substitutions,but different in amount.The pharmacodynamic studies showed that compared with Ziheche ,its substitutions all showed the similar significant effects on antianemic and regaining effect on erythrocyte and hemoglobin, alleviating the learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine and sodium nitrite,improving the ability of anti-anoxia and anti-fatigue,and increasing the spleen index and chest gland index in mice(P>0.05).This indicates that ziheche could be considered to be substituted by other three placentaes on these aspects. The maximal tolerance dose of four placentaes was 30g/kg.This result suggested that the maximal tolerance dose of mice was 300 times as much as that of human. Reasearches on idenfication,examination and content dermination in ten samples of four placentaes would be helpful for establishment and improvement of quality standards.