| The study was conducted to investigate the effect of oil sources,oil supplementation time and supplementation method on fatty liver performance of cherry valley ducks, aming to provide theoretical basis to improve fatty liver productivity and develop functional fatty liver food.Experiment 1 Effects of oil sources and oil supplementation time on fatty liver performance of cherry valley ducksThe purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of oil supplementation time (0-14d and 8-14d) and oil sources (Soybean oil, Fish oil, Soybean oil mixed Fish oil) on growth performance and fatty-liver yield of cherry valley ducks in overfeeding. Ninety (12 weeks-old) healthy ducks were randomly assigned to 7 treatments with 10 replicates, one duck per replicate. Diets was corn mash mixed with oils and overfed to ducks on the basis of the equivalent feed intake. Samples were collected at day 7th and day 15th. Ducks in control group were overfed by corn-based diet, in treatment 1 were overfed by corn-based diet with 3% soybean oil supplementation, in treatment 2 were overfed by 3% fish oil supplementation, in treatment 3 were overfed by oil mixture group(2% soybean oil and 1% fish oil),ducks in treatment 4,5,6were overfed by corn-based diet from day 1 to day 6 and overfed by the same diets as treatment 1,2,3 from d 7 to d 14,respectively.The results showed that the growth performance and slaughter performance of cherry valley duck were not significantly (P>0.05) at first week and the second week, the weights of the frist and the second week were 13.8%,30.4% higher than that of before overfeeding; According to 2×3 factor statistical analysis, no significant effect was observed for oil sources (P＞0.05), supplying oil time and interaction of them on production performance and slaughter performance (P>0.05) among treatments. There was a positive tendency of oil supplementation time on fatty liver weight(P=0.083), feed intake to fatty liver weight ratio(P=0.063) and liver weight to body weight ratio(P=0.054).. The results indicate that the proper oil supplementation time was 8 to 14 d.Experiment 2 Effects of oil sources on the production and quality of fatty liver in overfed cherry vallley ducks on basis of the equivalence energy intakeThis experiment was to investigate the effects of oil sources on growth performance, fatty liver yield,slaughter performance,fatty liver quality, serum hormone and enzyme activity related to fat metabolism of cherry valley duck after overfeeding period of time.72 healthy male ducks (eight weeks old of age) were used,12 ducks were sampled before overfeding,the remaining 60 ducks were randomly divided into 3 groups,20 replicates per group and one duck in each replicate. Diet of treatment 1 was corn without oil supplementation. Diets of the treatment 2 and treatment 3 supplemented with 3% soybean oil and 3% fish oil. The overfeeding time was divided into two phases(dl to d7 and d8 to d21). Ducks in three treatments all were overfed diets of treatment 1 from d 1 to d 7 in the first phase, then ducks in three groups were overfeed their own diets from 8d to 21d in the second phase. The form of diets were boiled grain mixing oil and overfed on the basis of the equivalence energy intake. Samples were collected at day 1th,day 8th and day 22th. The results showed that after 21d overfeeding period of time, the body weight of ducks in soybean oil group and fish oil group were higher than that of corn group. Compare with corn group, F/G in soybean oil group and fish oil group was significantly (P<0.05) improved by 27.1% and 26.0%,respectively The Eviscerating percentage of ducks in soybean oil group and fish oil group were significantly lower than that of corn group, but the other indicators did not significantly differ among groups (P>0.05). Weight of fatty liver were positively increasing with overfeeding time delay. Average liver weight, feed intake to fatty liver weight ratio and fatty liver weight to body weight ratio of was 301.9g,37.2,5.15 in fish oil group which significantly improved compared with cron group and soybean group (P＜0.01).Serum biochemical parameters were positively increased with duration of overfeeding. At d 21, serum PL(Phospholipids)in ducks of fish oil group were 12.0% and 18% higher than that of corn group and soybean group,respectively Serum TC (total cholesterol),HDL-C (high density lipoprotein-cholesterol),LDL-C (low density lipoprotein-cholesterol) of ducks in fish oil group were 12.8%,14.2% and 25.8% lower than those of corn group,respectively., but no significantly differences compared to soybean oil group. Serum INS(insulin), Leptin, Gluca(glucagon) and activity of LPL,HL did not significantly differ (P>0.05) among groups. At d 21, the quality of fatty liver were significantly differences among three groups. The percentage of CP (crude protein)and water in fatty liver of fish oil group werel5.9% and12.5%,16.9% and 17.7% lower than those of corn group and soybean oil group,respectively. (P＜0.01).But the percentage of EE (crude fat) in fatty liver of fish oil group were 38.1% and 28.9% higher than that of corn group and soybean oil group, respectively. (P＜0.01).The composition of fatty acid in fatty liver were very significantly difference among three groups. The percentage of PUFA in soybean oil group and fish oil group were higher than that in corn group (P＜0.01). The percentage of PUFA was 6.1% in soybean oil group and the percentage of MUFA was 55.5% in fish oil group. The percentage of C18:2andC18:3 in soybean oil group were 3.5% and 0.94% higher than those in corn group and fish oil group (P＜0.01).Tthe percentage of EPA,DHA and C20:4 in fish oil group were higher than those in corn group and soybean oil group (P＜0.01)The results suggested that on basis of the equal energy intake, the yield and quality of fatty liver were improved by overfed with diet supplementation with fish oil before overfeeding peroid of time with corn. |
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