Comparative Analysis Of Physiological And Biochemical Index Related To Arecanut Leaf Infected By Yellow Leaf Diseases

Betel nut is a perennial evergreen palm tree.It originate from southeast Asia, but primary production yielded in India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Indonesia,Tailand, Vietnam, and China etc. Betel nut cultivation in China has a history of 1000 years.It is one of the most important Southern herbal medicine resource, and listed as the leader of the four great southern medicine, together with high economic value. It has done great harm to the development of Hainan betel nut on account of its infected by the yellow recently.To investigate the physiological characteristics of diseased trees,This study selected five samples of infected and two healthy betel nuts as test samples,observed the symptom of the field,carried out the PCR detection of the pathogen which has infected the betel nut's body.It had conducted an determination and comparison of the index pertained to Pathophysiological part between the healthy and disease betel nut,such as POD,PPO,CAT,PAL.Sucrose enzyme, Chlorophyll content as well as POD isozyme.What is more, Chlorogenic acid,Protein,Amino acids and Hormone content have been carried on by way of comparative analysis,further to do research on the yellow of the betel nut in terms of plant biochemistry.Hopefully,it would provide some basis on the prevention of the yellow.Main experiment results as follows.1.This study took advantage of the universal primers R16mF2/R16mR2 of the phytoplasma' 16S rRNA to implement the PCR amplification of the genome DNA of the betel nut sample expressing symptom taken from Hainan island.The results showed that it has detected approximate 1.4kb specific fragment inside the infected betel nut,while the healthy one did not appear,which demonstrated the sample of betel nut expressing yellow symptom contained the phytoplasma.2.By way of determination of POD,PPO,CAT,PALSucrose enzyme from the betel nut used by spectrophotometry.It had been concluded that there existed some differences between infected samples and healthy ones under the same nut species in the same growing season conditions.The healthy betel nut was higher than the infected in terms of the activity of POD and Sucrose enzyme contents.In contrast,the healthy betel nut was higher than the infected in terms of the activity of PPO,CAT,PAL.In addition,in order to compare the different enzyme in single betel nut,it had been discovered that the activity of POD,PPO,PAL differed a little among the second,the third,the fourth leaf in the same plant by comparision,which bore testimony to the relative stability of the three sorts of enzyme's distribution in the leaves of the same plant. 3.Betel nut on the infected and healthy samples of chlorogenic acid content, malondialdehyde content, chlorophyll content were compared. The results illustrated infected samples of chlorogenic acid and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were higher than the healthy samples,while infected samples of Chlorophll were lower than the healthy ones.This indicated that the chlorophyll content of plants was a sign of which infected with the yellow.4.Different varieties of the same betel leaves per plant protein and amino acid contents were determined. Utilization of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and SDS-PAGE for the sake of the betel leaf POD isozymes and protein expression were determined and compared. PAGE electrophoresis results showed that newly two bands were added to the healthy plants. In SDS-PAGE protein analysis,There existed some more new bands in infected samples than the healthy samples. Results from comparison of several amino acids indicated that lysine and methionine content of the infected samples were higher than that of healthy samples. The remaining four acid phenylalanine, alanine, threonine, glutamic acid samples were the infected sample's content exhibited lower than healthy sample's content.5.By means of ELISA measuring infected leaves of betel nut and healthy ones,it has been proved that the infected samples were higher than that of healthy in terms of endogenous hormone IAA,GA,ZR.On the contrary, the infected samples were lower than that of healthy in terms of endogenous hormone ABA.