| To develop modern agriculture is an important part of building new socialistic countryside during the 11th Five-Year Plan. The expansion and development of Greenhouse has accelerated the development process of modern agriculture.But our country's installation agriculture owns a late start and a slow development.Especially,mechanization level is low.Most operations still depends on traditional manual labor,intensive,poor quality, low efficiency. There exists a big gap compared with developed countries.Because the soil in Greenhouse is viscous,the traditional soil farming tools'capability of crushing soil is reduced,increased resistance comes from soil leads to increased power consumption. Use of diesel and gasoline engines as the driving force will cause environment pollution in Greenhouse.Following the way of loosening soil with menpower, a small type of electric loosener has been designed and made,which is suitable for Greenhouse.The machine is mainly composed of electromotor,shaft coupling,speed reducer, loosening parts,shelf, walking system, operationing system, etc. Electromotor supplies power , it is connected with speed reducer through shaft coupling. We choosed dual-output-type reducer,power coming from one output shaft of the speed reducer goes to the crank directly. Finally,the power passes through loosening handle and gets to the loosening claws to make it loosen soil.Power coming from the other output shaft passes through multilevel sprocket wheel and gets to the walking wheel eventually to realize the loosener's self-walking. Install clutch on the interim axle.The machine's running and stopping state can be controlled by operating the cluth's engagement and separation.An universal wheel is installed at the rear of shelf.The machine's running direction can be decided by controlling the operationing handles.After analyzing a variety of athletic mechanisms, eventually, a crank-rocker mechanism was used as the loosening part.The structure of this mechanism is simple. The fixed-point of the rocker and the link point unifying the rocker and the loosening handle looks like human's shoulder and elbow, which makes it possible that the loosening mechanism simulates people's action of cutting soil. Using the knowledge of kinematics, motion parameter equations of special points of the loosening mechanism is expressed, velocity equation of each special point is get and their athletic characters are analyzed.In Solidworks environment,use COSMOS/Motion to make dynamic simulation of loosening mechanism.Trajectory and speed diagrams of the loosener's special points while it is working has been get.On the premise of that the depth is 13 centimeters,optimize each length of the crank-rocker mechanism and position of the fixed-points .Use COSMOSworks to analyze the force and distortion of important transmission parts,get corresponding analyzing charts.Then the design of every part can be further improved according to the analysis.On the premise of agronomic requirements,analyzed the impacts on power consumption come from the machine's forward speed,rotate speed of the crank,loosening depth,cutting pitch and so on,decided correlative parameters.Minimize power consumption as far as possible and then confirm the model of electromotor.The model machine was made according to the designed drawings. The machine was put on trial in soil box of laboratory to test its working performance in different soil moisture content.The result shows that loosening parts can imitate human's action of planing soil well,its capability of cutting and smashing soil is good,its capability of casting soil is weakened, which reduces power consumption greatly,soil loosening effect is ideal.Driven by electromotor, fuel is cheaper than using oil,the pollution is avoided in Greenhouse, which is in accordance with energy saving and environmental guidelines,protecting environment.The structure of this loosener is simple,it is in small size, its weight is light,its maneuverability is good,so it is suitable for small space Greenhouse.
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