Effect Of 3-S Cultivation Technique On Morphological And Physiological And Yield And Quality Of Rice

Variation regulation of growth dynamics, tiller growing, plant type character, leaf area index,photosynthetic rate, POD content, MDA content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, GScontent, NR content of leaf, GS content, soluble protein content of grain, root activity, POD contentof root, flux activity of root system, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen content yield and qualityperformance under 3-S cultivation technique were studied in experimental farm of NortheastAgricultural University with Dongnong03-44(panicle number type) and Dongnong423(panicleweight type)in 2004 to 2006. The results were as follows:1. Grain yield of 3-S cultivation technique was higher than that of traditional cultivation,spikelets per panicle, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight were enhanced significantly, whilepanicles/m~2 changed little.2. Panicle characteristics improved evidently under 3-S cultivation technique, number and areaof vascular bundle in panicle base increased significantly. (1) Characteristics of the primary rachisbranch increased slightly while, number, grain number, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight of thesecondary rachis branch. Grain number and yield of primary rachis branch and the secondary rachisbranch were significantly positive correlations. (2) Number and area of large vascular and smallvascular in basal internode and panicle base increased significantly, Number of large vascular andsmall vascular, number of primary rachis branch and the secondary rachis branch had positivecorrelations with grain number and yield. Number of small vascular had positive correlations withseed setting rate and 1000-grain weight.3. Leaf source capacity of rice under 3-S cultivation technique was large and declined slowlyafter heading. (1) Leaf area index in heading stage of 3-S cultivation technique was smaller thanthat of traditional cultivation. But decay rate of leaf area index after heading was slowly. (2) Leafarea distributed rationally, Leaf area specific gravity of middle and top was larger, leaf area ofbottom was more than that of middle and top. (3) top-three leaf had larger leaf area, small leaf basalangle and leaf angle and leaf was erect. (4) Flag leaf remained higher chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate, POD content, soluble protein content and lower MDA content after heading, soit had slowly senescence rate.4. Under 3-S cultivation technique condition, rice root system was strong and had slowlysenescence rate. (1) Dry weight of root obvious promoted, root system that distributed in top soil layer was more. (2) Root activity was still higher in the whole stage, bleeding of root system andPOD activity after heading were higher than that of traditional cultivation.5. Rice plant under 3-S cultivation technique had more dry matter accumulation and largeexport percentage. (1) Dry matter accumulation before heading of 3-S cultivation technique waslower than that of traditional cultivation, but that was higher after heading. (2) 3-S cultivationtechnique also had higher export percentage, higher export amount and transformation of materfrom stems and sheathes to panicle after heading compared with traditional cultivation.6. Total nitrogen uptake of 3-S cultivation technique was higher than that of traditionalcultivation. 3-S cultivation technique could enhance recycle of nitrogen in nutrition apparatusbefore heading, facilitate transportation of hoarding nitrogen to panicle, maintain higher nitrogenlevel, improve nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen efficiency for grain production in rice.7. Compared with traditional cultivation, 3-S cultivation technique increased the activity of GSand NR and content of soluble protein content in leaf, enhanced content of GS and soluble proteinin grain.8. Rice had Ideal plant type under 3-S cultivation technique. Shorter basal internode, longerpanicle base and higher plant height was benefit to enhance photosynthetic productive and makefirm foundation for high yield.9. Grain-filling rate increased evidently and grain-filling time decreased under 3-S cultivationtechnique. Grain quality was improved significantly, milled rice and head milled rice and proteincontent were increased, amylase content was reduced, especially in the secondary rachis branch.