| Rice is the main crop in China, the rice planting area is about 25% of the total arable area in China. The yield of rice is about 38% of total yield of crops, so the rice yield has a direct relationship with the food security. Many researches have been made on how to breed, cultivate, fertilize and achieve high yield at home and abroad. However, these researches were focus on single technology. There is little research on the general technology of combination of optimized fertilization and high yield cultivation. Combining the adequate fertilizer and high yield cultivate technology can achieve high yield, high efficiency of fertilizer, environmental protection and food security. As we know, rice is the most important crop in Chongqing area, the rice yield is 45% of total crop yield in Chongqing. However, the rice yield in Chongqing is low, about 6500-7000kg-hm-2 The investigation among peasants showed that the irrational nutrition management (too much nitrogen fertilizer at the first time,100% basic tiller fertilizer, no panicle-spikelet fertilizer, irrational usage of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer) and low planting density are main factors on limiting the yield and high use efficiency of fertilizer in Chongqing. This paper combined the field test and analysis in the lab, studied the effects of different nutrition managements and cultivations on the growth of rice, yield and nutrient use efficiency. Explore the pattern of optimized fertilizer and cultivation management in order to achieve high rice yield. Provide scientific basis for the production of rice in Chongqing. The following paragraphs are the test results.The results showed that, on the basis of farmer conventional fertilization (N:120～165kg-hm-2; P2O5:60kg-hm-2; K2O:Okg-hm-2; 60% N as basic fertilizer,40% as tiller fertilizer; planting density: 112500nest-hm"2) and planting density. According to the law of rice growth and the condition of soil, design the nutrition optimization management. The result showed that rice yield increased significantly. In Jiangjin plot test, the average yield of OPT (N:120-150kg·hm-2; P2O5: 60-75kg-hm-2; K2O:60-75kg-hm"2; 50% N as basic fertilizer,30% N as tiller fertilizer.20% N as earing fertilizer; planting density:165000nest·hm-2) was 16.2% higher than FFP;The rice yield of high yield and high efficiency pattern I and II were 19.6% and 22.9% higher than FFP; Yield of super high yield pattern was 24.6% higher than FFP. As we know, the test achieved the expected goal of high yield. In Nanchuan plot test, compared to FFP, average yield of midseason rice of OPT pattern in Daguan and rotation of rice and colza in Dongcheng increased by 8.8% and 9.0% respectively, the yield of super high yield pattern increased by 18.7% and 6.9%. The width of increased yield in Nanchuan dongcheng was lower than in Daguan and Jiangjin because the basic fertility of Dongcheng soil is higher than Daguan and Jiangjin soil. The yield of treatment with no nitrogen fertilizer was 8848.5kg-hm-2. Many further studies need to be done on how to improve the rice yield on high fertility field. The yield of nutrition optimization fertilizer pattern in 45 fields in Jiangjin and Nanchuan these two years also improved a lot, OPT was 12.9%(Jiangjin) and 17.3% (Nanchuan) higher than FFP.The rice leaf area index of optimization management was much higher than FFP. High leaf area index could slow down the speed of decent content of rice functional leaf chlorophyll; it also helped to accumulate dry matter and delayed senility. At the same time, it increased the number of productive ear, so the rice yield increased finally. Peasants are used to using unreasonable fertilizer (120～165-60-0), they use too much nitrogen fertilizer but little potassium fertilizer. What's worse, they always use the nitrogen fertilizer at the wrong time, assign the nitrogen fertilizer unreasonably, such as using all of them as basic tiller fertilizer. The planting density is also very low. All of these factors result the low number of productive ear, low leaf area index, high speed of functional leaf death, low accumulation of dry matter and low yield of rice.From the perspective of nitrogen absorption and utilization, nutrition optimization management could increase the nitrogen content of rice seeds, promote the transition of nitrogen of rice from the heading stage to maturity stage and increase N havest index significantly. Nutrition optimization management could also decrease the nitrogen content in nutritive organ, promote the transfer of nitrogen to rice seeds, improve the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer use and absorb efficiency. Results of plot experiment in Jiangjin in the past two years showed that:compared to the pattern of farmer conventional fertilization, the average nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of nutrition optimization management patterns increased by 76.7%, the pattern of nutrition optimization management, high yield and efficiency pattern and super hign yield pattern increased respectively by 58.5%,77%,84% and 83.7%. Results of the test in the field of one season of rice in Nanchuan Daguan and field of rotation of rice and colza in Nanchuan Dongcheng also showed that the niteogen use efficiency of nutrition optimization management increased by 110% and 30.7% compared with the pattern of FFP respectively. What's more,when compared with the pattern of FFP in these two fields, nitrogen use efficiency of patterns of nutrition optimization management, high yield and efficiency and super high yield increased by 69.4% and 28.4%, 122% and 27.6%,104.8% and 30.6% respectively. From the perspective of nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency, compared with nutrition optimization management pattern and FFP, it increased by 341%,102.5% and 126.9% respectively in Jiangjin test, Nanchuan Daguan and Dongzhen. In conclusion, the test reached the goal of high use efficiency of nutrition.From the perspective of economic benefits, each pattern of nutrient optimization management can increase peasants'income. The average incomes of patterns in Jiangjin plot test, Nanchuan Daguan plot test and Dongcheng plot test are respectively 2994,1544.6 and 892.5yuan·hm-2 higher than the pattern of FFP. The average income of pattern of contrasting with the 45 fields in Jiangjin and Nanchuan these two years are respectively 1161.6 and 2233.1yuan·hm-2 higher than the pattern of farmer conventional fertilization. So all in all, the patterns of nutrition optimization management achieve the goal of high yield and efficiency of rice.
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