Effects Of Nitrogen, Phosphorus And Potassium Fertilizers On Growth, Yield And Relational Traits Of Oil-sunflower

Oil-sunflower is the fourth oil crop in china. Rational application of fertilizer has great significance to increase yield and improve quality of oil-sunflower. Plot experiment was set according to the "3414" best regression design to study the effects of N, P, K fertilizers on plant growth, physiological characteristics, yield and kernel quality of oil-sunflower F60 in Shenyang. The result showed:1. Rational application of N, P and K. fertilizers had the effect not only to prolong plant growth and development, but also to promote the generation and function of oil-sunflower leaves. By the application of N, P and K, the leaf area increase fast, reach max leaf area index lately and decrease slowly. N, P and K increased significantly total photosynthetic potential and dry matter accumulation, but had no significantly effect on dry matter distribution of oil-sunflower except the economical index;2. N, P and K had significantly effect on the plant height, plant stem diameter, head diameter and leaf numbers. N accelerated the developing of plant characters, but applied too much N decreased the plant stem diameter; P increased plant height, plant stem diameter and head diameter and decreased the leaf numbers, but could not applied too much; the effects of K were similar to P;3. Rational application of N, P and K fertilizers had benefit to raise seed number pre head, seed setting rate ratio,1000-seed weight and seeds weight pre head, but highest N application can prevent the developing of plant economical characters, P increased seed setting rate and 1000-seed weight, K increased 1000-seed weight;4. Significant difference existed among different treatments. Regression equation of kernel yield to the amount of N, P, K applied were estimated as:Y=122.506+6.147N+6.883P+5.462K-0.312N2-0.546 P2-0.311K2+0.100N*P+0.019N*K+0.202P*K, The maximum kernel yield of 217.54kg/667m2 can be calculated from the regression equation occurred when the application amounts of N, P and K reached 9.9kg/667m2,6.3kg/667m2 and 8.8kg/667m2 respectively;5. Balanced fertilization had no obvious effects on oil and protein content of oil-sunflower kernel, but increased significantly effects on the oil and protein yield. Regression equations of oil yield to the amount of N, P, K applied were estimated as:Y=51.60+2.56N+3.15P+2.22K-0.15N2-0.24P2-0.13K2 +0.04N*P+0.02N*K+0.08P*K, Treatment with N=8.5kg/667m2, P=6.6kg/667m2 and K=8.5kg/667m2 had the highest oil yield of 90.85kg/667m2. Regression equations of protein yield to the amount of N, P, K applied were estimated as:Y=19.68+0.96N+0.93P+1.02K-0.05N2-0.07P2-0.05K2 +0.02N*P+0.01N*K+0.02P*K. Treatment with N=9.6kg/667m2,P=6.6kg/667m2, K=10.2g/667m2 had the highest protein yield.