Effect Of Fertilization On Sunflower Yield And Quality Formation

In order to explore the high yield,high quality and reasonable fertilization amount of sunflower in the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain,this study used field experiment to analyze the effects of different fertilization treatments on sunflower yield,fertilizer utilization efficiency,grain filling regularity and quality formation.The main findings are as follows:(1)Under N2P2K2 fertilization conditions,the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of edible sunflower was 37.75%,the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer was 17.08%,the utilization rate of K2O fertilizer was 38.08%,and N 4.91kg,P2O51.70kg,K2O 8.38 were absorbed for each 100kg of sunflower seeds.Kg;the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer for oil sunflower is 39.03%,that of phosphate fertilizer is 12.44%,and that of potassium is 43.53%;for every 100kg of sunflower seeds,N 6.78kg,P2O5 1.96kg and K2O 8.64kg are absorbed.(2)There was no significant difference in the effect of fertilization on the single-plate weight and seed kernel rate of sunflower.The stem and 100-grain weight were the main factors affecting the yield of oil sunflower.Under the condition of N2P2K2,the yield of sunflower was 6169.87kg/hm2,the yield increased to 1263.44kg/hm2,the yield of oil sunflower was 4049.95kg/hm2,and the yield increased to 713.56kg/hm2.(3)16～21d after flowering of edible sunflower was the fastest period of grain dry matter accumulation,and the nitrogen treatment was delayed by 2～5d;the oil sunflower was the fastest period of grain accumulation after 15～19d,and the nitrogen treatment was delayed by 3-4d;Edible sunflower and oil sunflower enter the dehydration period after 36～48d.(4)The edible sunflower had the fastest accumulation of crude fat at 17～24d after flowering,and the nitrogen treatment was delayed by 1～3d.The oil sunflower was the fastest period of crude fat accumulation after 16～21d after flowering,and the nitrogen treatment was delayed 2～3d The linoleic acid and oleic acid content change process is reversed;stearic acid is formed in the early stage of grain formation.(5)Excessive application of N reduced the crude fat content of the grain.The crude fat content of the edible sunflower was N1>N0>N2>N3,and the crude fat content of the oil sunflower was N2>N0>N1>N3.The yield can make up for the lack of crude fat and crude protein.Nitrogen fertilizer has a negative effect on oleic acid and has a positive effect on linoleic acid.Phosphate fertilizer has a negative effect on oleic acid and a positive effect on palmitic acid.Potassium fertilizer has a positive effect on oleic acid and a negative effect on linoleic acid.Considering the combination of yield,crude protein and crude fat,the optimum fertilization amount of edible sunflower is:nitrogen fertilizer 144.43～172.67kg/hm2,phosphate fertilizer 71.65～108.39kg/hm2,potassium fertilizer 120.76～169.33kg/hm2.The optimum fertilization amount of oil sunflower is:nitrogen fertilizer 120.57～151.33kg/hm2,phosphate fertilizer 58.69～86.94kg/hm2,potassium fertilizer 90.89～133.52kg/hm2.