A Preliminary Study On Chemical Constituents And Quality Standards

High barley Monascus is the fermented product with grass family highland barley as its raw material through solid state fermentation by inoculating aspergillus Monascus purpureus. It is possessed of the characteristics of medicine and food. It is warm in nature, sweet in taste and non-toxic, and it has the effect of promoting circulation and removing stasis, as well as invigorating spleen to promote digestion. Its major function is to cure indigestion, abdominal fullness and distention, prolonged lochia, and traumatic injury. The modern pharmacological research shows that red rice has the pharmacologic action of reducing cholesterol, blood fat, blood pressure and blood sugar level.As a new resource, high barley Monascus is the new product of red rice, which both has the material basis of reducing blood fat and blood pressure and oxidation resistance, and is rich in the nutrient substances of highland barley. So its quality is more excellent. On the one hand, it can be used as the product for medicine and food, which can be used to develop new drugs and food; on the other hand, it can be used as the raw material to extract pigment and levitation. Since there are few researches on the chemical components and quality of this variety, this thesis will develop a research on the extraction, separation and structural identification of chemical components based on the material basis of high barley Monascus; meanwhile, a systematic study will be done on the quality of it, and a preliminary quality standard will be established so as to offer basis for further scientific study and development of this new resource.1. Extract the high barley Monascus by using ethyl alcohol in different concentrations. Use petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol to extract successively. Use repeated silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 prepared lamina and recrystallization to do separation and purification. According to the physicochemical property of the compound and the spectrum data of MS and NMR,9 compounds are identified, which are respectively 2-HydroxyoctadecanoicAcid,β-sitosterol,1-HeptadecanecarboxylicAcid,Stigmasterol,1-Pentadecanecarboxyli- c Acid, Lovastatin, Daucosterol, Ergosterol, n-dotriacontanol. All compounds are extracted from highland barley red rice for the first time.2. According to the requirements of drug standards in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Volume 1) in 2010, the thesis develops a research on the content determination of the source, character, microscopy, thin-layer identification, moisture, ash content, extractum effective constituents Monacolin K,β-beta glucan and limited constituent citrinin. The result shows that highland barley red rice has significant characteristics in microscopy and thin-layer chromatography, which is of strong specificity; in high barley Monascus, moisture 6.04%～8.78%, total ash 2.15%～2.92%, acid-insoluble ash 0.23%～0.29%, aqueous extract 27.99%～30.17%; alcohol extract 14.12%～18.51%; acid-type Monacolin K 0.14%～0.29%, lactone type Monacolin K 0.03%～0.16%; β-beta glucan.03%～3.42%; no citrinin is detected. This research offers reference for the quality control of highland barley red rice.In the study of the content determination methodology, based on the single factor experiment, the thesis makes use of Box-Benhnken central composite experiment and response surface analysis to optimize the optimum extraction process of measuring the acid type and lactone type Monacolin K in high barley Monascus, which is:the extracted solvent is methyl alcohol, whose extraction temperature is 60℃, the liquid-solid ratio is 20:1 mL/g,20:1 mL/g supersonic extraction is 1h; establish high performance liquid chromatography to simultaneously determine two types of Monacolin K, which is simple, sensitive, rapid and accurate.3. According to the systematic study of the quality of high barley Monascus, it makes a draft of the quality standard of highland barley red rice, including items like source, character, microscopy and content determination. According to the test results, it is tentatively confirmed that moisture is not more than 9.0%, total ash content is not more than 4.0%, acid-insoluble ash is not more than 0.4%, alcohol extractum is not more than 14.0%, aqueous extract is not more than 27.0%, acid type Monacolin K is not lower than0.14%, lactone Monacolin K is not more than 0.2%,β-glucan is not less than 2.3%. Citrinin is not detected from high barley Monascus, which can effectively control the quality of it.