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This study aims at investigating the mechanism behind the dryness syndrome in Yunnan province which is called mechanism of Yunnan dryness syndrome for short. Main contents include analysis of syndrome elements of the disease at primary stage based on clinical epidemiological research and former research results, summary of syndrome patterns as well as investigation of syndrome characteristics during which relevant factors such as natural environment, dietary habbits and individual constitution were taken into consideration.Objective: To card and summarize the exposition of the mechanism of dryness syndrome in generations by using the literature research methods, while to investigate the correlation between disease location and syndrome elements of dryness syndrome in Yunnan province, summarize the features of the syndrome mechanism of dryness syndrome to probe into the cause and mechanism of the syndrome and to strengthen the accuracy and standardization of the diagnosis as well as provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods and contents:There are three points which were summarized by the ancient and modern physicians: Illness character factors are both internal and external. Location of disease is quite widely but mainly on the lungs. Pathogenic factors of it are seasons and climates, regional environment and diet habits, etc. The epidemiological research methods were applied to investigate the outpatients and some inpatients who visited TCM hospitals in the following three regions: central Yunnan(Kunming, Chuxiong, Yuxi, Qujing, etc.), Northwest of Yunnan(Diqing, Dali, Baoshan, Shangri-la, Tengchong,etc.) and North of Yunnan(Lincang, Pu’er, Wenshan, Xishuangbanna, Honghe, etc.),during which ‘Questionnaire of TCM Syndromes of Dryness Syndromes in Yunnan Province ’was used. The syndrome elements concerning disease characteristics and location, as well as the correlation between the two factores were summarized using mathematical statistics, the geographical and climatic features, dietary habits and institution were also taken into consideration, and syndrome mechanism was described in order to probe into the characteristics.Conclusions:(1)According to the research of syndrome elements characteristics, among the elements of disease characters, fluid(liquid) injury appeared the highest frequency, followed by qi-deficiency,(external) dryness, fire(heat),(external) wind, qi-stagnation, dampness, blood deficiency, yin-deficiency, blood heat, blood stagnation, essence(marrow) loss, cold and phlegm.(2) 9 elements of disease loactions were identified, in which lung appearred the highest frequency, followed by liver, spleen, stomach, heart, skin, large intestine, kidney, muscles and bones.(3) Four results were generated from cluster analysis: 1. Phlegm-fluid retention, qi-stagnation, blood stagnation and dampness; 2. Blood deficiency, skin, large intestine and stomach; 3. Heart, spleen, qi-deficiency, fluid(liquid) injury, wind and dryness; 4. Liver, kidney, yin-deficiency, fire(heat) and lung.(4) Geographical and climatic conditions: high altitude, long period of dry season, high wind speed during spring, long day length, high temperature and strong evaporation.(5) Dietary habits: favoring pungent, preserved, fried and baked food.(6)Constitutional feature: yin-deficiency in the majority of patients with dryness syndrome.(7)Summary of syndrome characteristics: year-round occurrence, mostly spring dryness; both interior and exterior occurrence with obvious symptoms of external dryness; combination of fluid(liquid) consumption and distribution disorder and substantial connection with geographical and climatic features, dietary habits and individual constitution.