Comparison Study On Main Cropping Patterns Of Rice Paddy In Hainan Province

Comparison study on economic effect, ecological effect and social effect of six main cropping patterns of rice paddy in Hainan by field experiment and investigation has been conducted. The results are as follows:(1) Double rice-winter fallow: The area of this cropping pattern occupies about 1/2 of rice paddy in Hainan. And its comprehensive evaluation is the lowest among the six cropping patterns. Meanwhile, because of too much application of chemical fertilizer and less organic fertilizer application, the fertility of rice paddy tends to decrease.(2) Double rice-green manure: The area of this pattern has been gradually decreased in recent years. Its comprehensive evaluation is the fifth among six cropping patterns, better than double rice -winter fallow. This cropping pattern can improve solar utilization rate and increase soil fertility. However its output and economic effect are not so good. Therefore this cropping pattern should rotate with better economic cropping patterns.(3) Double rice-sweet potato and double rice-maize: The comprehensive evaluation of these two cropping patterns are the third and fourth among six cropping patterns. With the establishing of non-animal epidemic disease in Hainan, the animal husbandry will have a bright future. Under these conditions, developing the two cropping patterns can make full use of winter fallow paddy to improve economic effect, social effect and biological effect of rice paddy. These two cropping patterns are suitable to be developed in the areas where traffic is not convenient and economic is not good.(4) Double rice-melon or vegetable and early rice-melon or vegetable: The comprehensive evaluation of these two cropping patterns are the best among six cropping patterns. Because these two cropping patterns belong to labor-concentrated production which are helpful for make full use of rural excessive labor. These two cropping patterns can not only develop local economic but also confirm the stability of rural social. These two cropping patterns are suitable to be developed in the areas where traffic is convenient and the economic condition is better.Finally, this paper pointed out the defects of cropping patterns of rice paddy in Hainan, such as: low input and low output, less organic fertilizer application, the planting area and economic of melon and vegetable being not stable. In addition, "zero tariff' for Thailand vegetables and fruits is putting into practice because of WTO's agreement. In the face of these challenges, reforming approaches of paddy cropping system in Hainan are put forward: expending winter-planting area, increasing cropping index, strengthening the popularize of agricultural science and technology, enlarging the application of high efficient cropping patterns, increasing the production of economic crops and feed crops, decreasing productive costs, improving the products' quality, etc.