Comparative Study On The High-yielding And High-efficient Paddy Cropping Pattern In Central Hunan

This study analyzed the rice ecosystem of central part districts of Hunan province i.e. Loudi, Shaoyang and Hengyang. The particular data of the main local cropping patterns in Paddy was gathered extensively by the statistical data, field investigation and questionnaire survey. Fifteen kinds of representative typical Paddy ecosystem pattern in central Hunan were comprehensive evaluation by weighted exponential method, and their energy utilization, nutrient equilibrium and economic benefit were analyzed by citing the former research production and inspecting in doors. The main results were as follows:1. The suitable extensive Paddy cropping patterns in central Hunan were rape/watermelon-late rice, maize+soybean-late rice, maize-single late rice, soybean-single late rice, rape-middle reason rice, potato-single late rice, peanut-single late rice. These cropping patterns had better ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit and would be better for transforming rural surplus labors in local and improving the regional economic development. The Paddy cropping patterns of suitable extensive characteristic industries in region were forage grass or rush-late rice, early rice-lily-late rice, flue-cured tobacco-late rice. These industries were suitable regional development, and formed characteristic industry. The suitable Paddy cropping patterns in suburb and small regional scale development were capsicum-single late rice, wax gourd-single late rice, potato-single late rice, rape-watermelon- late rice. It would get the higher economical benefit and social benefit that developing in suburb and informing regional characteristic production advantage.2. The main problem in cropping pattern of central Hunan province were that the step were still small innovating traditional cropping, many farmers had fallen behind in ideas and lacked the ideas of marketing, "food-pig" pattern still had evidence trial, and the proportion of food was high, the benefit of Paddy was low. It needs increase of the depth of macroscopic regulation and science about stripped-down in Paddy eco-pattern. The regional planning was neglected during regulation cropping pattern and the scale benefit was poor. Regulation of Paddycropping pattern didn't push forward development with structure adjustment of agriculture, processing agricultural by products, livestock farming. The action of leading enterprise didn't exert sufficiently. 3. The main measure of the central Hunan province were as follows:3.1 To strengthen leadership, promoting the change of the government's function, exerting leading action of government during regulating Paddy industry structure, and enhancing finance and revenue macroscopic regulation.3.2 The agricultural technique department should strengthen the depth study about Paddy cropping pattern and provide a scientific basis for innovation.3.3 To improve farmer's quality, providing technique training and enhancing ability changing cropping pattern.3.4 To promote march of agriculture science and technique applying, and extending pertinently some cropping pattern of high yield and high-efficiency.3.5 To carry out made-to-order farming of "company+base+farmer", building the leading enterprise that can bring along the development of Paddy crop pattern innovation, whose product predominance can promote itself in reverse.3.6 To enlarge the marshal of Paddy crop pattern innovation to realize scale-benefit and optimized deployment of resource.3.7 To harmonize the development of high yield and high quality, promote the sustainable development of Paddy eco-pattern.