Male Sterility Inducing By CHA GENESIS And Its Effect On The Growth And Development Of Wheat

The effect of the application of the new chemical hybridizing agent GENESIS on wheat with two experiments in which the split-plot design was used. The male sterility inducing by GENESIS and its cytological mechanism have been discussed in experiment I for 21 varieties. The results indicated that: (1) GENESIS had the favorable capacity in inducing male sterility for wheat, the sterile rates of the experimental varieties almost were above 95% and that of some varieties have been reached 100% at the dosage of Skg.hm'2 treated with GENESIS; (2) The differences in sterile rates among the varieties were significant at the same dosage treated, which demonstrated that different genotypes had different response to GENESIS, the best and the efficient dosage was 3kg.hm"2; (3) Results from the study of morphological and cytological mechanism of male sterile induced by GENESIS showed that: Plants and spikes were light green in colour as the spike expanded. Two types of abnormal anther and pollen development were observed after GENESIS treated: anthers without pollen and anthers containing abortive, abnormal multicellular pollen. There was antherless in the pollen cell that the pollen mother cell has been disorganized when sprayed at the stage of Peek's 8.0. The pollen abortion has been existed, which stayed at mononuclear microspore stage and some can reach binuclear microspore stage when sprayed at the stage of Peek's 9.0, but the microspore was in abnormal shape and the protoplasts of the pollen were disappeared. The abortive pollenwas more critical when treated with GENESIS at the earlier stage.The influences of GENESIS on the agronomic traits of wheat and on the qualitative characteristics of hybrid wheat were studied using 11 wheat varieties and 11 CHA hybrid wheat. The result showed that: (4) The growth and development of wheat would be suppressed and the heading and flowering date would be delayed by 1-2 days when treated with GENESIS. The heights of plants would be shortened in some degree, which were mainly due to the reduction of the first internode length counted from the top, but no significant difference among 3 dosages treated. (5) The chlorophyll content of the second leaf that counted from the top would be decreased as the dosages increased after the GENESIS spraying. The declored leaves would be recovered in some degree, however, the degree of foliar injury was becoming serious and the less possibility to recovery as the dosage being increased and the treated stage being delayed. (6) All the CHA hybrid wheat showed the positive mid-parent heterosis and over-parent heterosis in grain protein content, wet and dry gluten content, which indicated the possibility to improve the nutritious quality through heterosiis. However, the mid-parent heterosis and over-parent heterosis in sedimentation values and falling number values were low. It is possible to improve the processing quality by screening suitable parents and using heterosis.