The Exploration On Hazard Grade Assessment Of Public Buildings Base On Safety Design

Since the reform and opening up of china, the economy and society have developed rapidly. Urbanization is the motivation and purpose of rapid economic development. When the urbanization process has speeded up, the city building has become more large, comprehensive and intensive, people and property has highly concentrated. However the basis for public safety protection is relatively weak in China and the disaster prevention and mitigation capacity of urban is also weak, which increase the possibility of the occurrence of building disaster. Moreover, highly concentrated people and property would cause more serious consequences in the disasters. Because of the severe environment, the Chinese government has paid more and more attention to the construction of the public safety system in order to protect the safety of the public life and property and promote the sustainable development economy and society. Therefore, it is urgent to enhance the safety design for public building, construct a perfect system for building safety design and reduce building risk.In this paper, the subject is the construction of the grade assessment system for the high occupied public building hazard, which should be reasonable and effective. On the basis of the previous research, the effective assessment methods for architecture were summarized, the domestic and international progress of the relevant assessment systems were reviewed. This paper took the dialectical methodology as the guideline; combined knowledge in Environmental Science, Statistics, Mathematics and other subjects during the study; applied correlation theories of Architecture, Urban Planning, Safety Science and Disaster Science; made full use of literature research, logic research, case studies and mathematical statistical analysis; and took Fuzzy evaluation method, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as the major technical methods. This paper took"environment-building-human"as a system, analyzed the factors influencing the public building hazard, and constructed a four grades assessment factor set about ChongQing high occupied public building hazard which was mainly classified into"Environment and Meteorology Factors","Architectural Noumenon Factors","People and Management Factors". Weight ratios of the factors were obtained by experts score. ChongQing International Convention and Exhibition Center and ChongQing Keyuan Hotel were taken as the subjects of the case study, data of the experts score were calculated, the hazard grades of the two buildings were identified; the factor which had the biggest influence on building safety was found out by hazard grade assessment on public building, it was the controllable subject. At last, this paper provided the principles of the safety design and control according to the results of the grade assessment on the high occupied public building hazard.As an important link of safety design for public building in investigation, this paper intended to provide theoretical basis for assessing the safety performance of the building more intuitively and accurately. Relevant safety design strategy and management were determined according to the different security levels of the architecture. It provided technical supports and material guarantees for the establishment of an integrative Urban Safety Emergency Response System containing early warning, decision-making, rescue from the professional perspective of architecture. Furthermore, it would reduce the incidence of hazards and improve the city's safety.