Study On Environmentally-friendly Landuse And Models At Regional Level

As the construction of Three Gorge is coming to the point of closure, concerns with regard to how to coordinate landuse and environmental protection and how to strengthen the ecological security barrier construction of Three Gorges have drawn great interest of many researchers. In the current research, study area of Fengdu, as a presentative characteristic of nature of Three Gorges, is located in the hinterland. This study not only increases our better understanding of the current environment and landuse of reservoir, but also raises the awareness of the impact of project contruction on the surrounding environment in the area of Three Gorges; additionally, it is meaningful to the following construction of reservoir.Therefore, how to achieve environmentally friendly landuse under specific condition was greatly discussed in this study.Based on cycle economics, location theory, sustainable development and ecological economics theory, the work compared the national and international relavant research results, analyzed socioeconomic condition and landuse of Fengdu, and finally assessed the environmentally friendly landuse of Fengdu. Moreover a modeling was brought up accordingly; appropriate suggestions and strategies were proposed. The work and conclusions have been drawn below:1. On the basis of the previous relevant research, thework discussed the concept and content of environmental landuse and corresponding pattern,and chose the evaluation model and methods.2. Evaluation system for environmentally friendly landuse. Based on the basic P-R-S model, a modified P-R-S model, which is suitable to environmentally friendly landuse, was proposed meeting the relevant aim and requirement. The modified model, combined with theoretical analysis and experts consulting has been applied to build an evaluation system for the landuse in Fengdu, which consisted of 15 indexes covering three main areas, socioeconomics, nature, as well as human and culture.3. Application of the evaluation system. Each index in the system has been standardized according to naturally economic data, the characteristic of the index as well as relevant standards. Reference to related research, environmental friendliness was divided into very unfriendly, unfriendly, lowly friendly, moderately friendly,highly friendly five levels. The environmental friendliness of Fengdu was graded by AHP method to be 56.24, a relatively low indext. It indicated that throughout the landuse of Fengdu, the environment was contaminated to a certain serever degree, there were many unfriendly factors in the land-use activities and the environment had been serious damaged, the environment protection measures and land-use way have to be improved. For fully protect to the ecological security of the Three Gorges, there would take greatly more protective measures to maintain the sustainable development of the environment.4. Analysis of the evaluation system. Based on the overall evaluation and the characteristics of socioeconomics in Fengdu, the results of evaluation system were subject to single-variable analysis and overall evaluation. In the single-variable analysis, the variables which had more impacts on the environmental friendliness included population density (C₁). per capita agricultural output value (C2), pesticide application rate per unit area of land (C₄), the amount of chemical fertilizer per unit area of land (C₅), forest cover Rate (C8), soil erosion area ratio (C9), the proportion of cultivated land area is greater than 25 degrees (C₁1), soil erosion rate (C₁3) of several factors, from the weight point of view C₁＞C₂＞C₉＞C₄＞C₅＞C₈＞C₁1＞C₁3, the value from the contribution of environment-friendly view C₁＞C₂＞C₈＞C₄＞C₉＞C₅＞C₁1＞C₁3, both the size of the order remained the same.On the basis of different factors for the impact on the region, for comparative analysis between the township. In the combined analysis, socio-economic pressure index weight of 0.6491, the value of contribution to the environment-friendly was 33.82,to be the dominant role; followed by resources and environmental state index (B2), its weight and environment-friendly degree of contribution to the value 0.2790 and 17.07; Humanities and Social Response Index (B3) was minimum,its weight was 0.0719, degree of contribution to the environment-friendly was 5.35. This is consistent with the actual,there were dominant impact to the environment,because the actual land-use activities in the state and the way land use is determined by the human social and economic.State of the environment and resources which includes natural state and the existence of anthropogenic interference,it also have a big impact to the environmentally friendly land use. Social response reflected the environmental problems facing human response, which often due to the lag of human knowledge and the blindness development have little effect to environment and have low weight in the evaluationof environmentally friendly landuse.5. Modeling of Environmental Friendly landuse in Fengdu. Modeling was set up according to principles, combined with the evaluation results and landuse planning. There were four models built hereby as follow, "urbanization-ecological protection-agricultral production" integration model in the middle low hills, "grain-fruit-vegetable-forest" agricultural developmental model in the northwest rolling hilly ground, "forest-animal husbandary-farming" ecological conservation model in the southern mountain, and finally "ecological protection-tourism-agricultral production" co-ordination model in the southern hilly ground. Additionally, suggestions and strategies have been proposed.