The Ultrasonic Effect On Wool Fiber Properties And Its Low Temperature Dyeing

Ultrasonic wave propagation in liquids can produce cavitation effect, this kind of cavitation effects of special energy can accelerate chemical reaction, domestic and foreign scholars use its application in wet processing of textile such as dyeing. Ultrasonic technology applied in low temperature dyeing of wool can reduce physical and chemical damage due to high temperature environment on wool fiber. Energy consumption was decreased and production cost was compressed.Ultrasonic water-bath processing, boiling processing and untreated wool fiber were taken as the research object. The ultrasonic effects on the wool fiber tensile properties and surface properties, morphological characteristics and ceratine structure were compared. Ultrasonic for low temperature dyeing mechanism of wool fiber were analyzed. Telon-red acid dyes, Ranasol-red reactive dyes and Realan EHF reactive dyes were used to analyze ultrasonic action on promoting dyeing effect by these three kinds of dye. The major work and the results of this paper are as follows:(1) The tensile properties and grease content of wool fiber after ultrasonic water-bath processing were tested. Fiber diameter and its surface microstructure were observed. The effects of ultrasonic to morphological characteristics, mechanical and surface properties of wool were analyzed. Infrared and Raman spectrometer were used to analyze the impact of ultrasonic treatment on the first and secondary structure of macromolecular chemical groups. The crystallinity of fiber treated by ultrasonic was studied by X-Ray Diffraction. Experimental results show that Ultrasonic water-bath affects the wool fiber tensile properties and cause certain loss, but slightly less than boiling process. The grease content is reduced; irregular microgroove appears on the fiber surface, flare angle of wool scale increases, greatly improving the fiber wettability and initial dyeing speed. It was indicated that the decreased grease content result in the increased fiber whiteness and better brilliance after dyeing. Monoxide and eventually oxide cysteinesulfenate of cystine were generated by ultrasonic processing, and disulfide bond ofβ-folded chain structure crack largely. Fiber crystallinity decreased, molecular chain movements hinder reduced, interspace come into being between macromolecules, and dye molecules are more likely to enter.(2) Ultrasonic effect on different kinds of dyes was preliminarily analyzed in this paper. Dyeing experiments results show that ultrasonic function improved initial dyeing rate of Telon-red acid dyes, but did not improve its final dyeing rate. Ultrasonic baths and boiling pretreatment process did not have significantly influence on its dyeing rate. Ultrasonic processing not only improved the initial dyeing speed of Ranasol-red dyeing but also make dyeing rate rise from 80.7% to 92.3%, only 2.5% lower than dyeing at high temperature. Ultrasonic have great influence on Realan EHF reactive dyes for low temperature dyeing. It makes the dyeing rate rise from 69% to 92%. 10min boiling process pretreatment plays a role in dyeing. Ultrasonic dyeing under the same conditions, dyeing rate of wool fiber that boiled for 10mins reached 92%, but untreated dyeing rate is only 59%.